棕壤长期定位施肥15年后磷素形态及有效性  

Long-term Located Fertilizer Experiments after 15-years in Brown Soil Forms and Availability of Phosphate Nutrient

作　　者：程艳丽[1] 程希雷[2] 邹德乙[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《土壤通报》2009年第6期1362-1366,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

摘　　要：为了解长期施肥条件下和施肥后土壤磷素的组分状况及有效性,给磷肥的合理施用提供依据,研究采用Bowman-Cole提出的土壤有机磷分组测定法和顾益初-蒋柏藩提出的土壤无机磷分级测定法对采自沈阳农业大学棕壤长期定位试验站的原始土壤(1979年),连续施肥15a的土壤(1993年)和连续施肥15a后停止施肥4a的土壤(1997年)样品进行了磷组分含量测定,并对各组分与速效磷的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)长期连续施肥条件下,化学磷肥单独施用不能增加土壤中有机磷量,但能够促进各组分间相互转化。有机肥无论是单施还是同化学肥料配合施用,均能提高土壤中有机磷的含量,且能够促进有机磷组分中的稳定性有机磷和中等稳定性有机磷向活性有机磷方向转化。磷肥单施或有机肥与磷肥配合施用均可增加土壤无机磷组分中Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P的含量。(2)停止施用肥料后,土壤中累积的有机磷会矿化分解,无机磷组分中的O-P和Ca10-P也可向有效态转化,供作物利用。其中活性有机磷与速效磷呈显著的负相关,R=0.636*(n=9),Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P均与速效磷呈显著或极显著正相关,且Al-P、Fe-P对速效磷的相对有效性高。Long-term fertilization conditions and soil phosphorus fertilizer component status and effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer were investigated in order to provide the basis for the rational application. By the Jiang-Gu inorganic phosphorus fractionation method and the Bowman-Cole organic phosphorus fractiona-tion method, this paper studied the forms of inorganic and organic phosphorus in the original soil （1979）, 15-years consecutive fertilizing the soil （in 1993） and 15-years consecutive fertilization ＋ four years after the fertilization Soil （1997） collected from the Shenyang Agricultural University brown soil long-term experiment station, and were analyzed between each component and available phosphorus correlation. The results show that： （1） Under the conditions of long-term continuous fertilizer, chemical phosphate fertilizer application alone can not increase soil organic phosphorus, but the components can promote mutual transformation. Organic fertilizer or Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizers combined application can increase soil organic phosphorus content and to promote in the Moderately stable organic P and Highly stable organic P to conversion Labile organic P. Single application of phosphorus and phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined application can increase in the soil Ca2-P, Ca8-P and Al-P, Fe-P content. （2） To stop applying fertilizers, accumulated organic phosphorus in soil will mineralization and decomposition. In inorganic phosphorus the O-P and Ca10-P also can be transformed into effective state for crop use. Between labile organic P and available phosphorus was a significant negative correlation, R= 0.636＊ （n = 9）, Between Ca2-P, Cas-P and Al-P, Fe-P and available phosphorus was significant or very significant positive correlation, and Al-P, Fe-P on the relative effectiveness of available phosphorus high.

关 键 词：棕壤 长期定位试验 磷 组分 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]