微生物表面活性剂对烃类污染物降解的促进作用  

Enhancement of Biosurfactant for Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons

作　　者：任春艳[1] 聂麦茜[1] 王蕾[1] 林立宁[1] 董湃[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《环保科技》2009年第4期44-48,共5页Environmental Protection and Technology

基　　金：陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(No.07JK290);陕西省自然科学基金项目(No.2006Z04)

摘　　要：从陕北油田受石油污染的土壤中筛选得到一株能利用葡萄糖作为惟一碳源的高效微生物表面活性剂产生菌株S5,提取得到其微生物表面活性剂纯品。该生物表面活性剂可使表面张力降至32.81 mN/m2,且具有良好的热稳定性和耐盐性。同时研究该生物表面活性剂对烃类污染物生物降解的促进作用,结果表明,加入该生物表面活性剂可以使S5对柴油的降解率提高15.2%,S9对柴油的降解率提高21.2%;在多环芳烃的水相降解实验中,添加不同浓度的微生物表面活性剂对芘的降解均有明显促进作用,降解率最大可以提高53.57%;在修复石油污染土壤实验中,加入S5发酵液后,可以使"植物-微生物"联合修复的效率提高22.5%。Screening from oil contaminated soil in Shanbei oilfield,we found a bacterial strain S5 which can use glucose as sole carbon source to produce efficiently biosurfactant. After extracting, we obtained its pure biosur- factant. The biosurfactant could reduce the surface tension to 32.81 mN/m2 ,and has been proved high endu- rance to heat and salt. Furthermore, the effects of the biosurfaetant on hydrocarbons biodegradation were investi- gated, the results indicated that adding the biosurfactant the degradation rate of diesel oil by S5 eould be im- proved by about 15.2% ,the degradation rate of diesel oil by S9 could be improved by about 21.2% ; In the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon aqueous phase degradation of S5 , the degradation rates of pyrene could be pro- moted by adding the different concentrations of biosurfactant,the pyrene degradation rate could be enhanced by about 53.57% ;In the bioremediation of oil - contaminated soil, adding the broth of S5,the efficieney of the plant- microbe associated bioremediation could be enhanced by about 22.5%.

关 键 词：微生物表面活性剂 烃类污染物 生物降解 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]