莱州湾南岸滨海湿地的景观格局变化及累积环境效应  

Landscape pattern change and its cumulative environmental effects of coastal wetlands in southern Laizhou Bay

作　　者：张绪良 张朝晖[2] 徐宗军[2] 谷东起[2] 郑伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学师范学院地理系,山东青岛266071 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2009年第12期2437-2443,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国近海海洋综合调查与评价项目(908-02-04-06);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40606013)

摘　　要：在湿地景观类型分类基础上,利用遥感技术及GIS技术提取了1987和2002年莱州湾南岸滨海湿地Landsat5、Landsat7卫星假彩色合成影像的空间属性数据,利用斑块动态度、斑块密度指数、景观多样性指数、斑块破碎化指数研究了湿地景观格局变化及其累积环境效应。结果表明,15年间莱州湾南岸滨海湿地景观总面积基本不变,但自然湿地总面积减少了49.1%,减少的自然湿地主要转化为养殖池、盐田等人工湿地。湿地景观格局的变化还表现为景观多样性指数下降、斑块破碎化指数升高。湿地景观格局变化引起自然湿地的总净初级生产量下降,环境净化功能、抗御自然灾害功能降低,陆地中生植物、旱生植物外来及有害植物侵入湿地,湿地生态系统服务价值下降等累积环境效应。Based on the classification of wetland landscape,and by using remote sensing and GIS techniques,the Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 false color TM images of coastal wetlands in southern Laizhou Bay in 1987 and 2002 were obtained,and the landscape pattern change and its cumulative environmental effects were studied with patch dynamic index,patch density index,landscape diversity index,and patch fragmental index.In 1987-2002,the total area of the wetlands in southern Laizhou Bay kept unchanged,but the natural wetland decreased by 49.1%.The disappeared natural wetland was converted into culture ponds and salt fields.The landscape diversity index decreased,while the patch fragmental index increased.Some cumulative environmental effects were induced by the landscape pattern change,e.g.,the total net primary productivity of natural wetland decreased,the functions of natural wetland in purifying environment and defending marine disasters weakened,some mesophytes,xerophilous plants,and harmful plants invaded the coastal wetlands,and the ecosystem services value of the coastal wetlands declined.

关 键 词：莱州湾南岸 滨海湿地 景观格局指数 累积环境效应 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]