中国三城市精神健康素养调查  

Mental Health Literacy in Three Cities of China:A Survey Study

作　　者：李飞[1] 肖水源[1] 黄志平[2] 师建国[3] 程灶火[4] 罗文凤[1] 杨放如[1] 周亮[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医院心理卫生中心,长沙410078 [2]中南大学公共卫生学院,长沙410078 [3]西安市精神卫生中心,西安710061 [4]无锡市精神卫生中心,江苏无锡214151

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2009年第12期883-887,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：中国科学技术协会资助项目(2007年)

摘　　要：目的:调查城市人群的精神健康素养及相关因素。方法:在中国东部的无锡、中部长沙、西部西安三城市,对高中学生、大学生以班为单位进行简单随机整群抽样,对社区以家庭为单位取样,选用了抑郁症、强迫症、躁狂症和以阳性症状为主及以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症5个案例,以及相关问题形成"精神健康素养问卷",对被调查者的精神健康素养及相关因素进行调查。结果:共回收有效问卷7309份。被调查者人群对躁狂症识别率最高,达54.1%,识别阴性症状为主的精神分裂症最低,仅为11.2%,5个案例的平均识别率为41.7%。被调查者的受教育程度越高,识别率越高,受教育程度不同的社区人群平均正确识别的案例平均数为:小学(1.03±0.95)、初中(1.54±1.26)、高中(1.65±1.35)、大学(1.81±1.24)和研究生(2.75±1.07)。性格问题、受了打击、工作压力被认为是精神障碍的3个主要原因,被调查者对精神障碍患者,特别是精神分裂症和躁狂症患者持有较强烈的负面态度。结论:与其他国家的相关研究比较,本研究被调查者对5种常见精神障碍的正确识别率尚可,被调查者的受教育程度越高,识别率越高,被调查者普遍对精神障碍患者持有较强的负面态度。Objective： To assess mental health literacy of urban porpulation and its related factors. Method： Subjects were sampled from 3 cities in the east （ Wuxi ）, central （ Changsha ） and west （ Xi ＇an ） part of China. Subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire which included 5 vignettes of mental disorders and related questions. Results： 54. 1% of 7309 participants correctly recognized the cases of mania, but only 11.2% correctly recognized the cases of schizophrenia with negative symptoms. The average rate of correct recognition for all 5 vignettes was 41.7%. Participants with higher education level recognired the vignettes more correctly, Ill-character, stress and the pressure from work were reported to be the 3 main reasons of mental disorders. There were strong negative attitudes toward psychiatric patients, especially those with schizophrenia and mania. Conclusion： While the rate of correct recognition of mental disorders is acceptable when compared with similar studies in other parts of the world, negative attitude toward patients with mental disorder is still prevalent in China.

关 键 词：精神健康素养 城市人群 调查 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] R749.04[哲学宗教—心理学]