海运提单与运输合同比较研究——兼议若干法律问题  

A Comparative Study between Bill of Lading and Contract of Carriage

作　　者：何家宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2009年第6期63-70,共8页International Business Research

摘　　要：《海牙规则》名为关于提单的规则,实际调整的是必须使用提单的运输合同,该规则下的提单是指不完全或有特定记载要求的书面运输合同。运输合同实际上不可能不需要一定的书面形式。《海牙规则》并不在意运输合同与提单的区别。本文从运输业的角度论述了作为运输单证的提单与运输合同的一致性,又从贸易的角度对提单作为贸易单证的可设质性、UCP混同提单与海运单、提单为贸易服务而对承运人来说却是一种负担、提单的两种运转方式、FOB下卖方直接取得提单的必然性等问题提出看法,也论及了提单持有人为什么不能向他的转让人追索、对承运人的诉权并不是根据提单而是根据非他订约的运输合同等问题,并探讨了提单作为贸易单证与运输合同的若干区别。＂Hague rules＂ is about the rules of bill of lading but actually governs the contract of carriage which must use the Bill of Lading. The B/L under these rules means the written contract of carriage with part or special states required. The written form is necessary for the contract of carriage. ＂Hague rules＂ does not distinguish the contract of carriage from the B/L as shipping document. This article comments the consistence of both above from the view of transportation, and puts forward its opinions from the view of trade on the issues such as the allowance of pledge for the B/L as trading document, the mixing of B/L and sea waybill in UCP, serving the trade but as a burden for the carrier by the B/L, two modes of transferring of B/L, the necessity that the seller directly procures the B/L under FOB. In addition, these questions are mentioned： why is not the holder of B/L entitled to claim on the transferor and why are the Rights to the carrier in accordance with contract of carriage which is not entered into with the holder of B/L？ Finally, this article discusses the differences between B/L as trading document and contract of carriage.

关 键 词：《海牙规则》 运输合同 提单 运输单证 贸易单证 

分 类 号：F740.4[经济管理—国际贸易]