学前儿童焦虑的发展特点  

Developmental Characteristics of Preschoolers' Anxiety

作　　者：赵金霞[1] 王美芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]临沂师范学院教育科学学院,山东临沂276005 [2]山东师范大学心理学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2009年第6期723-725,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：山东省"泰山学者"建设工程专项;山东省"十一五"强化建设重点学科建设;全国教育科学"十一五"规划教育部重点项目(DBA080166);山东省社会科学规划研究项目(06JDB066)资助

摘　　要：目的:考察学前儿童焦虑的发展特点。方法:以学前儿童焦虑量表为评估工具,要求469名母亲报告4-6岁儿童的焦虑问题。结果:躯体伤害恐惧在4-6岁儿童中相对保持稳定,分离焦虑、社交恐惧、强迫-冲动行为和广泛性焦虑随年龄增长而下降;男孩的社交恐惧和广泛性焦虑显著高于女孩,分离焦虑、躯体伤害恐惧和强迫-冲动行为不存在显著的性别差异;4-6岁儿童的焦虑症状水平由高到低依次为躯体伤害恐惧、分离焦虑、广泛性焦虑、社交恐惧和强迫-冲动行为。结论:4-6岁儿童的多数焦虑症状随年龄增长而下降,各年龄组儿童的躯体伤害恐惧和分离焦虑明显高于社交恐惧、强迫-冲动行为和广泛性焦虑。Objective： To evaluate the developmental characteristics of preschoolers＇ anxiety. Methods： The anxiety of 469 preschoolers aged 4 to 6 years from Jinan were evaluated by Preschool Anxiety Scale with the method of motherreport. Results： 4 to 6 years old Preschoolers＇ fear of physical injury was stable, while separation anxiety, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive problems and generalized anxiety significantly decreased with age. Social phobia and generalized anxiety of boys were significantly higher than those of girls, but significant gender differences did not exist in separation anxiety, fear of physical injury and obsessive-compulsive problems. The sequence of anxiety level of 4 to 6-years old children was fear of physical injury, separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive problems. Conclusion： Most anxiety symptoms of 4 to 6-years old children decreased with age, and the levels of fear of physical injury and separation anxiety are higher than social phobia, obsessive-compulsive problems and generalized anxiety.

关 键 词：焦虑症状 情绪障碍 学前儿童 

分 类 号：R395.2[哲学宗教—心理学]