晋西黄土区水土保持林地的土壤水分  

Soil Water Content in Water and Soil Conservation Forests on the Hilly Loess Plateau

作　　者：张建军[1] 张岩[1] 张波[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《林业科学》2009年第11期63-69,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A1204);The Sumitomo Foundation(083085)

摘　　要：2008年5月12日—10月12日间采用EnviroSMART土壤水分定位监测系统,以每30min监测1次的频度对晋西黄土区刺槐人工林地、油松人工林地、次生林地的土壤水分变化进行研究。结果表明:0～150cm土层中次生林地蓄水量是刺槐人工林地的1.4倍,有整地措施的油松林地蓄水量与次生林地相近。人工林较次生林多消耗的土壤水分主要是深层的土壤水分,次生林主要依靠天然降水和消耗浅层土壤水分维持其生长。从表层到深层次生林地蓄水量逐渐增加,而有整地措施的油松人工林地蓄水量逐渐减少。随深度的增加各林地蓄水量的变幅逐渐减弱。0～150cm土层的平均蓄水量8月最低。层次越深,蓄水量的最低值出现时间越晚。90～150cm土层的蓄水量5—10月处于消耗状态。生长季刺槐人工林地0～150cm土层耗水量为249.73mm,油松林人工林地为248.09mm,次生林地为129.40mm。刺槐人工林地最大的日耗水量为4.70mm,油松林为4.77mm,次生林为2.28mm。刺槐与油松人工林地的耗水量明显大于次生林,因此,在干旱的黄土区应该模拟次生林营造水土保持林。Soil water content is crucial to vegetation rehabilitation on the hilly loess plateau.Dynamics of soil water under three types of water and soil conservation forests was monitored in this study with an EnviroSMART monitoring system.Soil water content was recorded at 20 cm intervals over a 0～150 cm soil profile every 30 minutes during the whole growing period.Results showed that the soil profile in the secondary forest had similar soil water storage to that in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation on terrace,and the storage in both forests was 1.4 times of that in Robinia pseudoacacia plantation.Secondary forests mainly used precipitation and soil water in upper layer,while plantation consumed water from deep layer.of the soil.Soil water content in the secondary forest increased from top to lower layer;in contrast,it decreased downward along the soil profile in P.tabulaeformis plantation.For the three types of forests,variation coefficients of soil water content decreased downward over the soil profile and soil water storage reached to the lowest level in August.Relatively,water storage in deeper layer delayed to deplete.Soil water in the 90～150 cm soil layer decreased from May to October in all tested forests.During the whole growing season,R.pseudoacacia plantation consumed 249.73 mm of soil water from the 0～150 cm layer with the largest daily consumption 4.70 mm,P.tabulaeformis plantation consumed 248.09 mm with the largest daily consumption 4.77 mm,and secondary forest consumed 129.40 mm with the largest daily consumption 2.28 mm.Results demonstrated that plantation consumes significantly more water than secondary forest;therefore,soil and water conservation forests should be established by imitating secondary forests.

关 键 词：次生林 人工林 土壤水分 耗水量 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]