北方设施菜地夏季不同填闲作物的吸氮效果比较研究  

Nitrogen Uptake by Different Catch Crops in Facility Vegetable Field

作　　者：张继宗[1] 刘培财[1] 左强[2] 邹国元[2] 刘宏斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部作物营养与施肥重点实验室中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]北京市农林科学院营养与资源研究所,北京100089

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2009年第12期2663-2667,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)课题(2008AA06Z313);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所项目(2008-7)

摘　　要：为筛选出吸氮效果明显的北方设施菜地夏季填闲作物,在北京郊区设施菜地,以甜玉米、高丹草、红叶苋菜、空心菜和小麦等5种不同作物为处理设置试验小区,开展田间监测、土壤和植株样品采集及检测,进行试验数据和资料的统计分析。结果表明,5种作物中,甜玉米生物量大、吸氮量大且速率快,阻控硝酸盐向深层土壤淋溶能力强。本试验条件下,甜玉米生物量和吸氮量分别达到92335kg.hm-2和330kg.hm-2;种植甜玉米后,0～120cm土层的硝酸含量减少近140kg.hm-2,均显著大于同等种植条件下的其他4种作物(P<0.05)。就减少土壤硝态氮淋失的效果而言,甜玉米是北方设施菜地夏季填闲作物的较好选择。In North China, over input of fertilizer nitrogen in facility vegetable field always result in nitrate accumulation in soil and leaching to underground water then induce high risk of underground water pollution, which is a big potential problem. It is necessary to choose appro- priate catch crops to absorb surplus nitrogen in fallow season and reduce nitrate content in surface soil. An experiment had been carried out in Beijing suburb to make sure different effects of different catch crops on nitrogen uptake. Five catch crops such as sweet corn （Zea mays L. ）, sorgham hybrid sudangrass, herbst bloodleaf（lresine herbstii Hook. ）, water spinach （Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. ） and wheat（ Triticum aestivum L. ） had been taken as experimental plants and field monitoring, samples analysis had been carried out simultaneously. The results indicated that biomass and nitrogen accumulation in shoots of sweet corn（Zea mays L. ） were higher than other four catch crops. The biomass and nitrogen absorbed by sweet corn（Zea mays L.） were up to 92 335 kg.hm^-2 and 330 kg-hm^-2, respectively, and nitrate content in 0-120 cm soil layer of the treatment was significantly decreased （by 140 kg·hm^-2 ） compared with other four catch crop treatments （P〈0.05）. It demonstrated that sweet corn is an appropriate catch crop for reducing nitrogen accumulation in surface soil and leaching to groundwater in vegetable cultivation system in North China.

关 键 词：设施菜地 填闲作物 硝酸盐 淋溶 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]