学生贷款的成效评价与中国实践：社会政策的视角  

Evaluating Student Loan Schemes in China:A Social Policy Perspective

作　　者：陈永杰[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院 [2]中山大学行政管理研究中心 [3]中山大学社会保障与社会政策研究所

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2009年第6期156-175,共20页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国社会政策的挑战与对策”(项目批准号:08JJD840203);中山大学“青年教师起步计划”(编号:09070-3171911);中山大学“211工程”三期“行政改革与政府治理研究项目”

摘　　要：从1999年试行开始,以"扶贫助学"为政策目标的国家助学贷款已经建立了十年。过去十年中,国家助学贷款取得了一定的成就,但也出现了不少问题。国内学界对于助学贷款实践成效的研究多数从"成本分担"视角切入,有关的改革也体现了这一思路。论文认为,这类评价脱离了有关政策文件中列明的政策目标,并且存在着把借贷风险从政府转移到学生一方的危险,以及不利于大学贫困生通过助学贷款解决学费过高难以顺利完成学业的问题。论文分析了"成本分担"理论与学生贷款的关系,回顾了国际学术界对于学生贷款模式在实现"扶贫助学"这种社会公平政策目标中所起作用的讨论。论文提出两个主要的观点,对助学贷款的研究和评价应该始终坚持以其社会公平的政策目标为准绳,应该由政府还是个人来承担更大的借贷风险的问题,则是政策制定者必须做出的一个政治决定。Piloted in 1999 and formally introduced in 2000,the Government Sponsored Student Loan Scheme that aims at assisting disadvantaged college students has its tenth anniversary this year.In the past one decade,empirical studies on the scheme in China are mostly conducted from a cost-sharing perspective,which duly affects a series of reforms of it.This paper argues that to evaluate the scheme mainly from a cost-sharing perspective is misleading in a sense that its only policy objective stated in any relevant policy document is on'assisting the poor'rather than cost-sharing. More importantly,by transferring most risks from government to students, which is a core policy implication from most of these studies,is in itself contradictory to the objective of'assisting the poor'.It is argued that any evaluation of the scheme should be based firmly on its stated objective,which is for social justice in a general sense,and the political decision on whether government or students should take more risks should be left to politicians.

关 键 词：学生贷款 助学贷款 高等教育 成本分担 

分 类 号：G647.5[文化科学—高等教育学] F832.4[文化科学—教育学]