城市开放场所应急疏散模型建立初探  

The Establishment of an Open Space Emergency Evacuation Model in Sudden Chemical Accident

作　　者：宋文华[1] 祝凌云[1] 李庆功[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学环境与化学工程学院,天津300387 [2]天津市公安消防总队管理学院,天津300090

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第6期86-91,共6页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50974096)

摘　　要：针对突发化学事故中,人口密集的城市开放场所疏散问题,构建了以总疏散时间最小化为目标的疏散模型.该模型选择有优先顺序的多源点疏散人群,通过分析事故影响范围界定、疏散道路选择和安全避难所选择问题,构建了开放场所应急疏散模型的仿真环境.提出基于离散时间的最短路疏散思路,以及针对各最短路径的动态疏散方法.通过对各备选路线优化分析,求解最优解,以保证疏散时间最小,实现对最优路径的选取.通过实例分析,验证了所建模型的适用性和可行性.For the open space evacuation problems in densely populated urban in sudden chemical accident ,the article constructes the evacuation mode which takes the minimum time as the objective. The model choices the prioritized multi-source-point dispersal and analyzes the extent of the accident, selection of evacuation road and choice of safe refuges to build an emer-gency simulation environment for the open space evacuation ,and give the shortest path thinking based on the discrete-time, as well as the dynamic evacuation methods in the shortest paths. Through the optimization analysis for the various alternative routes, solve the optimal solution to ensure the minimum evacuation time and achieve the selection of the optimal path. the result of the case analysis verified the applicability and feasibility of the model.

关 键 词：突发化学事故 城市开放场所 应急疏散 DIJKSTRA算法 动态网络模型 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]