长江上游紫色土地区不同坡度坡耕地水保措施的适宜性分析  

Analyses of Suitability of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Sloping Cultivated Lands with Different Slopes over the Purle Soil Region in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：李秋艳[1] 蔡强国[2] 方海燕[2] 王成超[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [3]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350007

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第12期2157-2163,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：中国科学院院长奖获得者科研启动专项:"中国典型水土流失区水沙关系尺度效应及地带性研究";973国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2007CB407207);中国科学院烟台海岸带可持续发展研究所前沿领域项目(编号:gh-065007);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40635027;40901298)

摘　　要：长江上游紫色土区土层薄、降雨集中且频繁,加之人类不合理活动的影响,土壤侵蚀严重,仅次于中国的黄土高原地区,其中,坡耕地是导致长江上游紫色土地区水土流失的最主要因素之一。耕作措施、梯田工程措施以及植物篱措施都能够起到防止坡耕地水土流失的作用,但在不同的坡度范围内,这几种措施的蓄水保土效益也不同。文章在分析坡度对坡耕地、各种水土保持治理措施对土壤侵蚀及效应影响的基础上,根据以上几种治理措施在不同的坡度坡耕地上水土保持效益最大化的原理,提出了不同坡度范围内水土保持措施的合理配置方案。研究认为,在0～5°、5～15°、15～25°3个坡度级别的坡耕地上应分别采用以耕作措施、梯田工程、植物篱为主的措施进行治理,25°以上的坡耕地应该退耕还林的治理模式。该研究将为长江上游紫色土地区的水土流失治理提供科学依据,为减少长江泥沙来源及地区农业可持续发展提供服务。Thin soil layer,frequently occurring rainfall concentrated in several months during a year as well as irrational human activities characterize the purple soil region over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River showing severe soil erosion,second only to the Loess Plateau.Influencing factors of soil erosion are complicated in the study region.Cultivated slope land is regarded as one of the most important factors resulting in soil loss.Tillage,terraced land and hedgerows measures have been demonstrated as commonly used measures to prevent or alleviate soil loss for soil erosion regions worldwide.However,under the conditions of different environmental characteristics and slopes,the measures mentioned above probably show different effects on soil and water conservation on different slope ranges for different regions.In the present work,on the basis of investigation of the effects of slope on cultivated slope lands and the effects of soil and water conservation measures,including cultivated measures such as cross slope cultivation,companion cropping,crop rotation,and inter-planting of another crop etc.,terraced lands and hedgerows on reducing soil loss,an optimal scheme for soil loss control on different slope ranges were proposed.Results indicated that,the cultivated measure could be considered a major way to conserve soil and water on the slope range of 0-5°,and the terraced measure could be taken on the slope range of 5-15°.However,on the slope range of 15-25°,hedgerows have the biggest effect on soil and water conservation.With respect to the sloping land with slope larger than 25°,it was suggested that all cultivated lands be returned to forest.The soil and water conservation measure modes on different slope ranges in the purple soil regions can provide meaningful reference for effectively controlling soil and water loss over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,maintaining sustainable development of agriculture and reducing soil sources and sediment blockage for the Yangtze River.

关 键 词：紫色土地区 坡度 耕作措施 梯田措施 植物篱措施 长江上游 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] S157.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]