从“格致”到“科学”:晚清学术体系的过渡与别择(1895-1905年)  

From ‘Gezhi' to ‘Science':the Transition and Other-way Choice of Academic System in the Late Qing Dynasty(1895-1905)

作　　者：张帆[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学社科部

出　　处：《学术研究》2009年第12期102-114,共13页Academic Research

摘　　要：19世纪中后期,"格致"一词成为中西学术连接的桥梁。但随着甲午战争的失败,国人逐渐放弃对于"格致学"单纯的技艺追求。严复在"西学格致"的意义上阐发英国实证主义的科学体系,部分趋东学人借用"科学"一词输入日本学术。二者在自然科学的意义上重合,以致严复借用"科学"替代"西学格致"。但是,"格致"与"科学"并非一一对应的概念,中国学术从"格致"到"科学"语言表述的转换不过是学术转型的外在体现,转变的动因则在于具体语境下的现实需要,以及学术路径的不同选择。Once upon a time,the Chinese word ‘Gezhi' became a nexus linked the Chinese learning and the western learning in the middle and late periods of the 19th century.However,after the Sino-Japanese War(1894-1895),Chinese people gradually gave up the mono-chasing of techniques in the ‘Gezhi' learning.Mr.Yan Fu elucidated the positivist science system of United Kingdom on the meaning of ‘the western Gezhi'.Some scholar who hoped to learn from Japan made use of the word ‘science' to import Japanese academic thoughts.‘The Gezhi' and ‘science' are not two concepts correspondent to each other.The substitution of ‘science' for the expression ‘Gezhi' in the Chinese academic field presented externally just an academic transformation.The cause of the change is an actual demand in a concrete situation and a different choice of academic rout.

关 键 词：“西学格致” “科学” 过渡 别择 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]