豆粕替代鱼粉对奥尼罗非鱼生长、表观消化率及血清非特异性免疫的影响  

Effects of Replacing Fish Meal with Soybean Meal on Growth,Digestibility and Immunity of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)

作　　者：刘勇[1] 冷向军[1] 李小勤[1] 李惠[2,3] 刘爱君[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [2]宁波市宁海县海洋与渔业局,宁波315600 [3]上海海洋大学经济管理学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2009年第12期95-100,共6页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：科技部"十一五"支撑计划(2006BAD03B03);上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1101)

摘　　要：以含9%鱼粉的基础饲料为对照组,以0%,5%,10%豆粕分别替代饲料中0%,3%,6%,鱼粉(相当于鱼粉用量的0/3,1/3,2/3,)配制三组等氮、等能饲料,饲养奥尼罗非鱼,考察豆粕替代鱼粉对鱼体生长、营养物质消化率、体组成及血清非特异性免疫的影响。共进行三个试验,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ分别以奥尼罗非鱼稚鱼(1.0±0.1)g、鱼种(17.6±1.1)g为试验对象,分别进行为期8周和4周的饲养试验;试验Ⅲ测定了奥尼罗非鱼鱼种对饲料干物质及蛋白质消化率。结果表明:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ中,豆粕替代鱼粉用量1/3时,奥尼罗非鱼增重率、饲料效率、特定生长率较对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);当替代2/3鱼粉用量时鱼体生长性能显著降低,增重率较对照组分别降低5.3%,4.7%(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ中豆粕替代2/3鱼粉用量肌肉粗蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05);不同豆粕替代水平均显著降低血清碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶活性(P<0.05);在消化道蛋白酶活性及饲料营养物质消化率方面,与对照组相比,豆粕替代1/3鱼粉用量时胃、肠蛋白酶活性及饲料干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率无显著差异(P>0.05),而替代量达2/3时显著下降(P<0.05)。上述研究表明:豆粕可替代奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中1/3鱼粉(鱼粉用量9%)而不影响鱼体生长性能。Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal（SBM） for tilapias.The tilapias were fed three isonitrogenous and isocaloric feeds.The control feed was formulated to contain 9% fish meal,whereas in the other two feeds SBM was included at 5%,10% to replace 1/3,2/3 of the fish meal.In EXP.Ⅰ,six hundred and thirty juvenile tilapias（initial body weight 1.0±0.1 g） were divided randomly to nine pools（2.0 m×1.5 m ×1.2 m）and fed satiation for eight weeks,and each tank contained seventy fishes; In EXP. ǘ, two hundred and seven fingerling tilapias （initial body weight 17.6 ± 1.1 g） were divided randomly to nine tanks （0. 8 m × 0. 5 m ×0. 5 m） and fed satiation for four weeks, and each tank contained twenty - three fishes; EXP. Ⅲ was conducted to evaluate apparent digestibility for tilapias, and the condition was the same as EXP. Ⅱ. Results： Replacing 1/3 fish meal with SBM in EXP. Ⅰ and Ⅱ does not affect the growth of juvenile tilapia （P 〉0. 05） ; when 2/3 fish meal is replaced by SBM （EXP. Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ） the weight gain rate is decreased by 5.3% and 4. 7% （P 〈0.05） respectively compared with control group . The activities of ASZ, AKP are decreased with increasing SBM in diets （P 〈 0.05） （EXP. Ⅱ）. There is no significant difference in terms of apparent digestibility, activities of protease in intestine and stomach between control group and 5% SBM group （P 〉 0.05 ） （EXP.Ⅱ, Ⅲ ）, but these indices declined when 2/3 fish meal replaced by SBM （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The results above indicate that 1/3 fish meal in the diet of juvenile and fingerling tilapia could be replaced by SBM without affecting the fish growth.

关 键 词：豆粕 奥尼罗非鱼 蛋白酶活性 消化率 非特异性免疫 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]