年龄和性别对运动视觉中“预判时间”的影响  

The impact of age and gender on coincidence anticipation timing

作　　者：张斌俊[1] 陈浩[1] 保金华[1] 徐菁菁[1] 吕帆[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州医学院眼视光学院,浙江温州325027

出　　处：《眼视光学杂志》2009年第6期452-455,共4页Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAI18B09)

摘　　要：目的本研究通过对测试者的特定运动视标的预判时间的测试,了解个体因素(年龄和性别)对预判时间的影响。方法参加本研究测试162人(男性74人,女性88人),按照年龄分为4组,其中定义7～9岁为低龄儿童组35人,10～12岁为大龄儿童组44人,13～16岁为少年组15人,18～30岁为成人组68人。使用预判测试仪Speed Trac测量预判时间,每位受试者在测量前接受"预判时间"预测练习10次,正式测试30次,取后30次成绩作为实验数据。采用恒定误差(constant error,CE),绝对误差(absolute error,AE)和变异误差(variable error,VE)描述预判时间。结果低龄儿童组的平均预判时间(5.03±4.14)ms,表现为延迟,而其他组的平均预判时间表现为超前,差异有统计学意义(F=3.459,P<0.05)。低龄儿童组的预判时间绝对误差与其他组间均存在显著差异(P<0.05),大龄儿童组与成人组的预判时间绝对误差存在显著差异(P<0.05),随着年龄的增加,预判成绩的绝对误差减少。除少年组和成人组之间的误差变异值无显著差异外,其余各组预判成绩误差的变异值均存在显著差异,随着年龄的增加,预判成绩的变异误差变小。从全年龄段看,男性组和女性组预判成绩的恒定误差、绝对误差和变异误差均不存在显著差异(P>0.05),成人组男女预判时间绝对误差和变异误差存在显著差异(P<0.01),男性均优于女性。结论随年龄增加,预判时间的准确性和稳定性都增加,成年男性预判时间的准确性和稳定性均较女性佳。Objective To investigate the impact of age and gender on coincidence anticipation timing （CAT）.Methods One hundred and sixty-two subjects （74 males,88 females） participated in the CAT study.All subjects were divided into 4 groups by age：younger children,older children,teenagers and adults （7～9,10～12,13～16,and 18～30 years of age,respectively）.Speed trac was used to measure CAT.Ten unrecorded trials were presented for familiarization,and then 30 trials were record under the coincidence anticipation timing format. Constant error （CE）, absolute error （AE） and variable error （VE） were calculated to evaluate CAT. Results Responses （5.03±4.14）ms were delayed in younger children compared to the faster responses of the other groups （F=3.459, P〈 0.05）. The AE differed significantly between younger children and the other groups （P〈0.05）. A significant difference was also found between older children and the other groups （P〈0.05）. Coincidence timing accuracy improved with increased age. The VE differed significantly between groups except between teenagers and adults. Variability decreased with an increase in age. For all subjects, the AE and CE did not differ significantiy between males and females （P〉0.05）. However, when gender differences were compared for each age group, the AE and CE between adult males and females were significantly different （P〈0.01）, males〉females. Conclusion The accuracy and response variability of coincidence anticipation timing increase with an increase of age, with men performing better than women.

关 键 词：预判时间 反应时间 年龄 性别 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科] R87[医药卫生—临床医学]