时间副词“正在”的形成再探  

Revisiting the formation of the temporal adverb zhengzai(正在)

作　　者：雷冬平[1,2] 胡丽珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学文学与新闻学院,411105 [2]浙江大学语言与认知研究中心,杭州310028

出　　处：《中国语文》2010年第1期67-73,共7页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目(08YBB073);湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(08C853);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地基金资助项目(06JJD740014)的资助

摘　　要：时间副词"正在"的形成是"正+在这里/那里+VP"结构强化更新的结果。具体过程是:首先在"在+这里/那里+VP"结构中,当"V"是表心理等动作性不强的动词时,"在这里/那里"在宋代语法化为进行体标记;接着是表示"正在"义的时间副词"正"与进行体标记"在这里/那里"的强化连用;然后由于韵律的作用,"正+在这里/那里"重新分析成"正在+这里/那里",在表示心理等的动词前,"这里/那里"由于语义上的虚化和形式上的羡余而脱落,于是时间副词"正在"在元代产生。"正在"从背景事件分句到前景事件分句的功能转变,是其进一步语法化的表现。This paper proposes that the formation of the temporal adverb zhengza results from the reanalysis of the construction 'zheng (正)+zaizheli/nali (在这里/那里)+VP'. First,'zaizheli/nali' was grammaticalized as a progressive aspect marker in the Song dynasty,with the following VP being intransitive such as the psych-verb; then,the temporal adverb zheng (正) and the progressive aspect marker zaizheli/nali were used together; and finally,'zheng+zaizheli/nali' was further reanalyzed as 'zhengzai+zheli/nali' under the influence of prosody,and due to its grammaticalization and redundancy,zheli/nali dropped away before psych-verb. It is claimed that the temporal adverb zhengzai was formed in the Yuan dynasty. The change from background event clause to foreground event clause with respect to the use of zhengzai indicates the result of further grammaticalization.

关 键 词：时间副词 正在 语法化 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]