护士职业暴露后心理状态及应对方式分析  

Analysis of Psychological Conditions and Coping Styles of Nurses with Occupational Exposure

作　　者：何夏君[1,2] 陈淑德[1,2] 黄芳玲[3] 卢玉贞[4] 

机构地区：[1]广东省人民医院 [2]广东省医学科学院广东省精神病研究所,广东广州510080 [3]广东省皮肤性病防治中心,广东广州510500 [4]中山大学附属第二医院护理部,广东广州510120

出　　处：《护理学报》2010年第1期71-72,共2页Journal of Nursing（China）

基　　金：广东省医学科研课题项目(A2006136)

摘　　要：目的了解护士在临床工作中职业暴露的情况、暴露后心理状态及应对方式。方法采用问卷调查法,运用自设职业暴露调查表、症状自评量表、应对方式问卷对798名临床护士进行调查。结果798名临床护士回顾1周内的职业暴露情况,发生职业暴露者519名,发生率65.0%,26.7%为被患者体液、血液、脓液污染,13.4%被锐器、针头刺伤。519名护士职业暴露后,躯体症状、焦虑、强迫、抑郁等9个因子得分均高于国内常模(P<0.01或P<0.05);职业暴露后多采取消极、被动的应对方式,如自责、退避等,较少采取解决问题和求助等积极应对方式。结论临床护理工作中的职业暴露发生率高,对护士身心健康造成不同程度影响,职业暴露后护士应对方式多表现为消极、被动。提示暴露发生后护士应积极应对现实;医院管理者在重视预防及减少职业暴露的同时,更应关注护士职业暴露后的心理变化,及时提供心理支持和医疗帮助。Objective To understand the occupational exposure in clinical practice, and psychological condition and coping styles among nurses after occupational exposure. Methods A total of 798 nurses were inquired by questionnaires including self-designed occupational exposure scale, Symptom Checklist-90 and questionnaire on copying styles. Results There was an occupational exposure rate of 65.0% （519 in 798 subjects） last week, 26.7% were contaminated by patients＇ body fluid, blood and pus, and 13.4% hurt by sharp tools and needles. Scores of nine factors, including physical symptoms, anxiety, compulsion and depression, were all higher than those of domestic norm （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. Nurses commonly coped with the exposure negatively and passively by self-reproach or evasion but actively by problem settlement and help rarely. Conclusion High rate of occupational exposure will cause physical and psychological harms to nurses, therefore, it attaches importance to the hospital managers to reduce occupational exposure rate and meanwhile concern the psychological alteration of nurses upon exposure and provide mental support and medical aid if necessary.

关 键 词：护士 职业暴露 心理状态 应对方式 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]