颅脑模型减速撞击过程中脑组织受力特点的研究  

Research on brain tissue mechanical style in brain model deceleration Impact

作　　者：刘盛雄[1,2] 尹志勇[1,3,2] 赵辉[1,2] 杨光瑜[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所四室,重庆400042 [2]第三军医大学车辆/生物碰撞安全重庆市重点实验室,重庆400042 [3]第三军医大学创伤,烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室,重庆400042

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2009年第6期458-461,共4页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30670513、30800243);973前期研究专项(2007CB516704)

摘　　要：目的研究颅脑减速撞击过程中脑组织关键部位受力的特点(受拉或受压)。方法制作含气泡的透明颅脑物理模型,并将其固定在竖式颅脑减速撞击实验台上。将移动平台放置在400mm的高度,自由下落并撞击固定台面,同时采用高速摄像记录整个减速撞击过程,并用序列图片分析软件对气泡长、短轴(分别位于垂直于撞击方向及撞击方向)的轴长变化进行分析。结果撞击点处的气泡在短轴方向上的轴长变化大于长轴方向上的轴长变化,对冲点处的气泡在短轴方向上的轴长变化小于长轴方向上的轴长变化。结论实验结果表明撞击点处的气泡所受到的作用力主要为压力且来自于短轴方向,即撞击方向;对冲点处的气泡所受到的作用力主要为拉力且来自于长轴方向,即撞击方向的垂直方向。该结果对于研究颅脑减速撞击致伤的力学机制及其诊断和防护具有重要意义。Objective to research the mechanical style （compressive or tensile force） of the key site of brain tissue in brain deceleration impact. Method a transparent physical brain model with air bubbles was built and loaded on an upright brain deceleration impacting experimental platform. Then, the moveable platform was made a free fall from a height of 400mm and impacted on the fixed platform, and the whole deceleration impacting process was recorded by a high-speed video camera. Using the serial pictures analyzing soft：ware, the length change of the long axis （vertical to the impacting direction） and the short axis （in the impacting direction） of the air bubbles were analyzed and calculated. Result the length change of the long axis of air bubble with in site coup was smaller than the absolute value of that of the short axis; while with the air bubble in the contrecoup site, the length change of the long axis was bigger than the absolute value of the short axis. Conclusions the results showed that the air bubble in the coup site mainly suffered from the tensile force vertical to the impacting direction and the air bubble in the contrecoup site mainlysuffered from the compressive force in the impacting direction. Since the property of tensile resistance of the brain tissue is inferior to the property of compressive resistance of the brain tissue, the injury is often easier to occur in the contrecoup site than in coup site. The results were of significance to the research of biomechanical mechanism, diagnosis and prevention of the brain deceleration impacting injury.

关 键 词：减速碰撞 对冲伤 脑组织 受力特点 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]