洋山工程对杭州湾海洋生态系统服务功能影响评价  

Evaluation of Impact of Yangshan Port Project on Marine Ecosystem Services in Hangzhou Bay

作　　者：柏育材[1,2] 徐兆礼[3] 高倩[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研充院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《上海环境科学》2010年第1期11-15,共5页Shanghai Environmental Sciences

基　　金：上海市908专项资助,编号:PJ1-1

摘　　要：分析了在洋山工程建设中对海洋生态系统不利影响的作业内容，包括围填造地、桥桩钻孔、疏浚、炸礁、爆破挤淤、管道排放．陆域吹填等环节。在此基础上，结合工艺分析，进一步筛选了影响海洋生态系统服务功能的因子（主要是悬浮物、冲击波和填埋）。例如悬浮物、冲击波导致渔业资源数量明显下降，从而影响生态系统供给功能。然而随着施工范围缩小，影响压力降低，至2007年，渔业资源数量基本回升至工程前的水平。由此推测，工程对海域生态供给功能的影响主要来自其施工阶段。营运期的影响主要是港口区和航道区限制了渔民捕捞作业，使得该水域渔业产量有所下降。在生态系统调节功能方面，工程没有向环境注入大量废水和废弃物，实测结果显示，2002～2006年，洋山水域营养盐的含量未见明显增高趋势。在景观方面，洋山工程的实施，严重影响了原有景观，但也催生出东海大桥等新的景观，旅游收入有了明显的增长。在生态系统支持功能方面，施工阶段悬浮物、冲击波明显地影响海洋生物（浮游动物、浮游植物和底栖动物）数量，然而目前数量已经恢复，或者有明显恢复的趋势，这表明工程营运期对海洋生物数量影响不大。洋山工程实施对洋山水域产卵场和索饵场功能维持的影响是可接受的。Negative impacts of the construction of Yangshan Port Project on marine ecosystem were analyzed in order to learn the effects of a marine project on marine ecosystem services, including sea reclamation, drilling for bridge piles, dredging, reef explosion, silt blasting, discharges via pipeline, hydraulic drift fill, and etc. Of impact factors on marine ecosystem services screened thereupon through process analysis, suspended matter, shock wave and landfill were found out dominant. For example, suspended matter and shock wave would obvi- ously decrease the fishery resources in quantities so as to affect the supply function of ecosystem. However, the influence would be limited along with reducing of the scope of the construction. The fishery resources have upturned to the level before the construction till 2007. Thus, it could be speculated that impacts of the project on the supply function of marine ecosystem were mainly to come during its construction. The influences in the operation period were mainly to limit fishing activities in the port and channel areas resulting in a decline in catching yield. In terms of the regulating function of ecosystem, as the project discharged few wastes, the observations showed no obvious increasing trend of nutrient contents in Yangshan waters from 2002 until 2006. In respect of landscape, though the construction caused significant influence on the original sight, however, it could bring up some other new scenes such as Donghai Bridge and so on to make an increase in tourism income apparently. In terms of supporting function of ecosystem, suspended matter and shock wave obviously influenced the biomass of marine organisms （zooplankton, phytoplankton and benthos） during the construction, but the biomass has recovered now or shown an obvious restoring trend. It indicated that there would be few impacts on marine organisms in the project operation period. Influences of the implementation of Yangshan Port Project on the function of spawning ground and feeding ground of Yangshan w

关 键 词：洋山工程 杭州湾 生态系统服务功能 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]