脂肪酸甲酯结构对生物柴油低温流动性的影响  

Impact of fatty acid methyl ester upon cold flow properties for biodiesel

作　　者：陈秀[1] 袁银男[1] 王利平[2] 来永斌[3] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]江南大学食品科学与安全教育部重点实验室,江苏无锡214122 [3]江苏大学能源与动力工程学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《江苏大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第1期31-34,39,共5页Journal of Jiangsu University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50376021)

摘　　要：从分子结构出发,根据结晶理论,应用气质联用仪和低温性能测试仪研究生物柴油的组成对低温流动性的影响,为改善生物柴油的低温流动性提供理论指导,并提出生物柴油是伪二元混合物(高熔点的饱和脂肪酸甲酯和低熔点的不饱和脂肪酸甲酯)的观点.研究结果表明,生物柴油主要由豆蔻酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯、硬脂酸甲酯、花生酸甲酯、山嵛酸甲酯、木焦油酸甲酯、棕榈油酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、二十碳烯酸甲酯、芥酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯和亚麻酸甲酯等组成.生物柴油的低温流动性主要取决于饱和脂肪酸甲酯,饱和脂肪酸甲酯尤其是长碳链质量分数越高,低温流动性越差.高品位的生物柴油应尽量少含多不饱和脂肪酸甲酯和饱和脂肪酸甲酯,尤其是三不饱和脂肪酸甲酯和烷基碳链在20个碳以上的饱和脂肪酸甲酯.Impact of composition upon the cold flow properties for biodiesel was investigated with gas chromatography-mass and cold filter plugging point tester based on the theories of molecular structure and crystal growth. Biodiesel may be considered a pseudobinary mixture consisting of components, with high- melting-point saturated fatty acid methyl esters and with low-mehing-point unsaturated ones. The results show that biodiesel is mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters（ C14：0 - C24：0 ） and unsaturated ones（C16：1 -C22：1, C18：2 and C18：3 ）. The cold flow properties for biodiesel are determined mainly by saturated fatty acid methyl esters. Long-straight-chain saturated fatty acid methyl ester tends to have rela- tively poor cold flow properties. Controlling saturated fatty acid methyl ester contents can improve cold flow properties of biodiesel.

关 键 词：生物柴油 低温流动性 气质联用仪 脂肪酸甲酯 结晶 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]