不同堆肥原料的有机无机复合肥对油菜生长及土壤供氮特性的影响  

EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER AND DIFFERENT COMPOSTS ON GROWTH OF OILSEED RAPE AND SOIL NITROGEN SUPPLY

作　　者：罗佳[1] 蒋小芳[1] 孟琳[1,2] 黄启为[1] 徐阳春[1] 沈其荣[1] 杨兴明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,南京210095 [2]贵州省烟草科学研究所,贵阳550003

出　　处：《土壤学报》2010年第1期97-106,共10页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技部973项目(2007CB109304);农业部948项目(2006-G62);国家科技部支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B07;2006BAD10B05)资助

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了采用猪粪堆肥、中药渣堆肥和鸡粪堆肥为原料制成的有机无机复合肥与无机复合肥等氮量施入对油菜产量、氮素利用率、土壤供氮特征以及土壤微生物多样性的影响。结果表明:各施肥处理油菜籽产量均显著高于对照的油菜籽产量。与化肥处理比较,三种堆肥原料的有机无机复合肥的油菜籽产量显著高于化肥处理,较化肥增产12.7%～33.2%。各有机无机复合肥处理均能增加油菜单株有效角果数。三种有机无机复合肥处理均能显著促进油菜对氮素的吸收,从而提高了氮素利用率。与化肥处理和不施肥处理比较,三种堆肥原料的有机无机复合肥处理能够明显提高土壤有效态氮的含量,调节土壤氮素的释放速度。采用邻接法分析各处理土壤DNA条带表明:5个处理土壤样品的细菌群落共分为三大族群,化肥处理与对照处理为一种族群,中药渣处理为一种族群,猪粪处理和鸡粪处理属一种族群。说明施入外源有机物质(猪粪、鸡粪与中药渣)可能改变土壤的细菌群落结构,而施入化肥对土壤的细菌群落结构影响较小。Field experiments were carried out to study effect of chemical fertilizer （CF） and different composts on yield of rapeseeds, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen supply and soil microbial diversity. Pig manure compost （PMC） ,Chinese medicinal herb residue compost （MRC） and chicken manure compost （CMC） were mixed separately with chemical fertilizers （nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium）. All the treatments, except the CK, received the same rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Results show that all the fertilization treatments were higher in yield than CK. Compared with Treatment CF, the treatments of organic-inorganic compound increased the yield by 12.7%- 33.2% , promoted nitrogen uptake and increased dry matter accumulation, thus increasing nitrogen use efficiency. Besides, they also improved soil nitrogen supply compared with Treatment CF and CK. Eighbor Joining analysis indicated that, in terms of bacteria in the soils, the five treatments could be classified into three clusters. The soil bacterial communities in Treatment CF and CK belonged to the same cluster, while Treatment MRC to the second cluster, and Treatments PMC and CMC to the third cluster. Application of organic fertilizers altered soil bacterial communities, while application of CF had little effect.

关 键 词：堆肥 有机无机复合肥 产量 氮素利用率 矿质态氮 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S147.34[农业科学—肥料学]