历史事实与法律事实:司马光《资治通鉴考异》的方法、地位及其镜鉴  

The Historical Facts and the Legal Facts:Sima Guang's "Tongjiankaoyi"'s Approach,Status and Enlightment

作　　者：张世明[1] 孙喆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所

出　　处：《史学月刊》2010年第2期115-125,共11页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：司马光《通鉴考异》方法最为直接的借鉴渊源,应为当时日益完备的"实录"纂修过程中的程序规则,其具体包括证实订伪、以常理进行推断、两存其说、参取、阙疑,可谓钱大昕等人"考异"的先驱和精神导师。历史事实和法律事实都是相对于客观事实而言的,中国古代考据学的发展和法律实践密切相关,法学中证据法规则与历史学中的考据法则存在极其相似的"底层语法规则"。Sima Guang＇ s ＂Tongjiankaoyi＂ ＇s approach, drawing on the most direct source of the then increasingly perfect procedural rules in the process of ＂Record＂ Compiling, includes that setting out specific false and verifying the facts, concluding according to common sense, keeping the two kinds of recording, taking parts of the two kinds of recording, hanging in doubt. It can be described as the pioneer and spiritual mentor of ＂Kaoyi＂ used by Qian Daxin and other scholars. The historical facts and the legal facts are both relative to the objective facts. The development of the ancient Chinese Textual Criticism is closely related to legal practice. There are the very similar ＂elementary syntax rules＂ between the rules of evidence in law science and the textual criticism in history research.

关 键 词：历史事实 考据学 司马光 证据法则 

分 类 号：K204.3[历史地理—历史学]