基于生态足迹的西藏自然保护区生态承载力分析——以工布自然保护区为例  

Analysis of the Ecological Carrying Capacity of the Tibet Nature Reserve Based on a Ecological Footprint Model:A Case Study of the Gongbu National Reserve

作　　者：胡世辉[1] 章力建[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]农业部草原监理中心,北京100125

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第1期171-176,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：环境保护部专项:"青藏高原环境保护综合规划研究"

摘　　要：在全球变化的大背景下,自然保护区是维持西藏生态环境可持续发展的重要手段。本文以西藏工布自然保护区为例,基于生态足迹模型,计算该保护区2007年有效物质消费量与有效可利用生态生产性土地面积,分析其生态足迹和生态承载力,为宏观指导西藏地区如何处理经济发展与生态环境保护的关系提供科学依据。分析表明:西藏工布自然保护区2007年人均生态足迹为1.5785hm2,人均生态承载力为21.2453hm2,人均生态盈余为19.6668hm2,盈余比例达92.57%。人均生态足迹中,对耕地的需求最大,其次为化石燃料产地、林地、草地、建筑用地,对于水域的利用缺乏统计数据。工布自然保护区生态承载力远大于生态足迹,其中以林地为主,体现了当地的生态特色。In the context of global change, the eco-environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is increasingly affected by a variety of disturbances. It is difficult to maintain sustainable development for some originally vulnerable ecosystems across the region. Therefore, exploring the feasibility of different ecosystem management methods is of great importance to the sustainable development of the area. A nature reserve is one of effective management approaches to maintaining sustainable development of ecosystems in Tibet, and ecological footprint is a kind of quantitative method to evaluate the degree of sustainable development for a region. Therefore, analyzing the ecological carrying capacity of a nature reserve is of great importance to Qinghai-Tibetan areas, which can provide meaningful reference for coordinating the interaction between economic development and eco-environment protection. In this study, we investigated the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of the Gongbu National Reserve in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using a ecological footprint model, calculating the efficient consumption of products and efficient areas of ecological productive land in the year 2007. Results indicated that the ecological footprint of the Gongbu National Reserve was 1.5785hm^2 per capita, the ecological capacity was 21.2453hm^2 per capita and the ecological surplus was therefore 19.6668hm^2 per capita, which generally accounted for 92.57% of the ecological capacity. Concerning the ecological footprint per capita, the demand for farm land was largest, followed by fossil fuel production land, forest land, grass land and construction land. The ecological capacity mainly provided by forest land far exceeded the ecological footprint, reflecting that the forest resources were abundant in the region of the Gongbu National Reserve. As to the supply and demand of the ecological footprint, it was concluded that the development of Gongbu National Reserve is at a sustainable status. For those areas that cannot be protected an

关 键 词：生态足迹 生态承载力 生态盈余 可持续发展 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学]