甘南高寒退化草地生态位特征及生产力研究  

Study on Degraded Grassland Niche Characteristics and Productivity of Alpine Meadow at Maqu in South of Gansu Province

作　　者：陈文业 戚登臣 李广宇 魏强 王芳 孙飞达[2] 刘振恒 朱丽 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省林业科学研究院,兰州730020 [2]四川农业大学草业科学系,四川雅安625014 [3]甘肃省玛曲县草原总站,甘肃玛曲747300

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2010年第1期80-90,共11页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大攻关项目(2GS063-A31-010)

摘　　要：采取样方法,对玛曲县高寒中度退化草地的植物种群群落进行了研究分析,结果表明:以莎草植物(嵩草)为绝对优势种,杂类草(金莲花)为主要伴生种。非优势种垂穗披碱草、甘青青兰生态位宽度较大,分别为0.913和0.911,而绝对优势种嵩草和主要伴生种金莲花的生态位宽度较低,分别为0.906和0.641。生态位相似性比例大于0.50%的种对约占种群总对数的42.29%。生态位重叠值大于0.040的种对,约占种群总对数的20.55%。生态位宽度较大的两个种群,种对相似性比例一般较高,具有较大的生态位重叠(如种对乳白香青和毛茛0.082),而生态位窄的物种相互间生态位重叠比例较小(如种对二裂委陵菜和金莲花0.033)。高生态位宽度与低生态位宽度的种群也可能有较高的重叠值(如种对车前和毛茛0.065),反之则低。杂类草鲜草产量、地上生物量比例最高,依次为100.00 g/(m2.a)、43.37%。Using sampling methods in order to study grassland niche characteristics and plant population productivity of alpine meadow moderately degraded grassland in Maqu County. The results showed that the sedge plants （Kobresia humilis） are taken as the absolute dominant species and miscellaneous Grass （Trollius chinensis） as the main companion species. The non-dominant species Elymus nutans and Dracocephalum tanguticum have larger niche breadth, being respectively 0.913 and 0. 911, while the niche breadth of the absolute dominant species Kobresia humilis and the main companion species Trollius chinensis is low, being 0. 906 and 0. 641, respectively. Niche similarity ratio greater than 0.50 of the species of the total population accounts for about 42. 29% of the total number. Niche overlap value is greater than 0.040 of the species-pairs, accounting for 20.55% of the total population. The two larger populations with a broad niche breadth have generally higher species pairs of similarity, with a large ecological niche overlap （e. g. Anaphalis lactea and Ranunculus japonicus 0. 082 ）, while the narrow niche of niche overlap between species, the proportion is small （ e. g. Potentilla bifurca and Trollius chinensis 0. 033 ）, high ecological bit width and the low population niche breadth may also have a high overlap value （ e. g. Plantago asiatica and Ranunculus japonicus 0. 065 ） , otherwise low. The yield of miscellaneous grass fresh forage, and the proportion of aboveground biomass are the highest, being 100. 00g/（ m^2·a） and 43.37%, respectively.

关 键 词：高寒退化草地 生态位特征 生产力 玛曲 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]