南疆栽培杏风味物质组成及其遗传多样性  

Genetic Diversity and Constituents of Flavor in Southern Xinjiang Apricot Cultivars

作　　者：孙家正[1] 张大海[2] 张艳敏[1] 史作安[1] 林群[1] 田长平[1] 王娜[1] 陈学森[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]新疆农业科学院轮台国家果树资源圃,新疆轮台841600

出　　处：《园艺学报》2010年第1期17-22,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30871679)

摘　　要：采用气—质联用(GC-MS)及毛细管电泳(CE)技术对30个南疆栽培杏品种风味物质组分及其遗传多样性进行了研究,并与4个华北栽培杏品种进行了比较。结果表明,①在参试的30个南疆杏品种果实中共鉴定出包括酯类、醇类、醛类、酮类及杂环类等9类213种成分,各品种挥发性化合物成分种类数、各类挥发性化合物种类数及其含量以及主要挥发性化合物分离比率与含量等存在广泛的遗传变异;②南疆杏醇类和杂环类化合物含量明显高于华北杏,但酯类化合物含量明显低于华北杏;③参试南疆杏果糖、葡萄糖与蔗糖以及苹果酸与柠檬酸含量的变异系数均在29%以上,变异幅度广;④南疆杏总糖含量(146.58mg·g-1)是华北杏品种(65.73mg·g-1)的2.23倍,果糖平均含量(32.36mg·g-1)是华北杏品种(4.12mg·g-1)的7.85倍;南疆杏属于苹果酸/柠檬酸优势型。In order to acquire basic data for genetic diversity in southern Xinjiang apricot and to supply scientific theory for the protection and utilization of these resources,aroma components,sugar,acid compositions and genetic diversity in 30 varieties of southern Xinjiang apricot and 4 north China apricot cultivars were studied by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry（GC-MS）and capillary electrophoresis（CE）.The results indicated that 9 classes such as esters,alcohols,aldehydes,ketones and heterocycles including 213 compositions were identified in southern Xinjiang apricot fruits,and that southern Xinjiang apricot presented considerable genetic variations both in total classes of volatile components,in classes and contents of each compound classes and in segregation ratio and content of main components,which revealed significant difference between varieties and rich genetic diversity in the population.Alcohols and heterocycles contents in southern Xinjiang apricot were significantly higher than those in north China apricot while esters were remarkably lower than north China apricot.The variation coefficients of fructose,glucose,sucrose,malate and citrate in southern Xinjiang apricot were more than 29%,which revealed wider variation range and rich genetic diversity.The content of total sugar in southern Xinjiang apricot（146.58 mg·g^-1）was 2.23 times of that in north China apricot（65.73 mg·g^-1）and fructose in southern Xinjiang apricot（32.36 mg·g^-1）was 7.85 times of that in north China apricot（4.12 mg·g^-1）.Southern Xinjiang apricot belongs to malate/citrate type.

关 键 词：杏 香气成分 糖酸组分 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]