晚清教育转型与府州县学的变迁  

The Transformation of Educational System and the Change of Prefectural Schools,Regional Schools and County Schools in Late Qing

作　　者：霍红伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学法政学院,河北石家庄050091

出　　处：《学术月刊》2010年第2期130-138,共9页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：府州县学是清王朝教化体系中的重要组成部分,在教化、礼仪、科举方面承担着重要的职能,但其本应着重承担的教育职能却已相当的弱化。在清代,府州县学实际上并不承担对于民众的教育责任,清政府亦无法提供强有力的财政支持,教育基本上是民间的自为行为。近代以来,随着新式教育的逐步建立,府州县学愈发在教育上处于尴尬的地位;而随着科举制度的废除,其所承担的科举职能亦告结束,这就使得府州县学成为了仅仅在岁时举行祭祀和行礼的冷衙。在清末教育变革的过程中,由于清政府未能对这一传统的官办教育机构进行改造和利用,导致府州县学沿着既有之发展轨迹走向了终点,遂成为了历史的遗迹。Prefectural schools, regional schools and county schools of the Qing Dynasty played an important role on cultivation in traditional China. They functioned in cultivating scholars, respecting Confucius and supervising the students of local government-run schools, but their educative function weakened greatly. Since 1840, with the building of Western-style schools, the prefectural schools, regional schools and county schools gradually declined, and their functions were gradually reduced with the abolition of imperial civil examination system and only the symbolic meaning of respecting Confucius was preserved. As government-run educational institutions in traditional China, when facing challenges, the prefectural, regional and county schools did not achieve docking and integrating with the newly Western education, but went forward to the original directions under the inertia, and they died out eventually.

关 键 词：府州县学 教化 科举制度教育转型 新式教育 

分 类 号：K251[历史地理—历史学] G452.9[历史地理—中国史]