目标状态与时间信息在情境模型加工中的作用  

The Functions of Goal State and Temporal Information on Situation Model Processing

作　　者：鲁忠义[1] 仝宇光[2] 张丽芳[3] 

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学教育学院,石家庄050091 [2]辽宁师范大学教育学院,大连116029 [3]河北农业大学学生处,保定071000

出　　处：《心理学报》2010年第2期216-226,共11页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(04BYY008)

摘　　要：采用移动窗口和记录探测句阅读时间的实时阅读技术,对情境模型中目标状态与时间信息的关系进行了探索。运用重复测量的实验设计进行了三个实验,实验发现(1)在顺序发生的事件结构中,未达成目标作为持续追踪的焦点,使得时间转换增大的条件下,也不会对信息的整合产生影响;而对时间距离的表征不仅起到了提高速度的作用,而且也没有产生时间距离的远近效应。(2)同样是在顺序语篇中,无目标和目标达成条件下,随着时间转换的增大,则出现了时间转换的大小效应,也出现了时间距离的远近效应。(3)在回溯事件的建构中,读者把回溯事件表征为时间距离的背景信息,目标促进了信息的整合。Situation model is the deep representation of text reading combined with readers＇ background knowledge,which involves several dimensions,of which goal state and time representation are most important.A goal is an effective mechanism of foregrounding,and tracing the goal helps to comprehend the causality of the story （Zwaan,1998）.Although recent research of time representation focuses on the temporal shift and temporal distance,most studies repeatedly verified Anderson,Garrod,and Sanford＇s （1983） scenario model and Zwaan＇s （1996） strong iconicity assumption.Kelter et al.（2004） found the far-close effect of temporal distance and differentiated tracking as temporal distance from a fresh start as temporal shift.Claus et al.（2006） preliminarily explored the relationship between temporal representation and the construction of flashback events.To date,however,no study investigated the relationship between goal state and time representation,and in fact,whether temporal information is continuity or interruption counters for utilizing,continuously tracking,and integrating goal information.Hence the present study is to explore the functions of goal state and temporal information on situation model processing.A total 174 eighth grade students participated in this study,with 60 participants in experiment group 1,60 in experiment group 2,and 54 in experiment group 3,respectively.Using moving window and recording the time of recognition sentence technique,three experiments were designed to explore the functions of goal state and temporal information on situation model processing on Pentium III computer,using E-Prime software.Subjects were required to self-regulate their reading.When subjects finish reading one sentence and press the space key,next sentence emerged and the former sentence disappeared.After finishing one text,the emergence of a red ＂？？？？？＂ prompted subjects to answer a comprehensive question about the text.The reaction time of probe sentences were recorded and analyzed with

关 键 词：情境模型 目标状态 时间转换 时间距离 回溯事件 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]