长期施用有机肥对土壤和糙米铜、锌、铁、锰和镉积累的影响  

Effect of long-term application of organic fertilizer on Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn and Cd in soil and brown rice

作　　者：李本银[1,2] 黄绍敏[1] 张玉亭[1] 周东美[2] 吴晓晨[2] 沈阿林[1] 徐建明[3] 李忠佩[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州450002 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [3]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第1期129-135,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(No.2006BAD05B04);现代农业产业技术体系建设项目资助

摘　　要：设施氮、磷、钾肥(NPK)、施氮、磷、钾肥兼稻草还田(NPKS)、施氮、磷、钾肥兼2倍稻草还田(NPKS2)、施氮、磷、钾肥兼施紫云英(NPKG)和施氮、磷、钾肥兼施猪粪5个处理的长期定位试验,探讨了长期施用有机肥对土壤和糙米铜、锌、铁、锰和镉含量的影响。结果表明,土壤全铜、全锌和全镉因秸秆还田或施用紫云英、猪粪有明显提高,尤其是施用猪粪,土壤全铜、全锌和全镉较仅施用氮、磷、钾肥分别增长53.6%、23.6%、406.2%,达到极显著水平;而全铁和全锰各处理间没有显著差异。长期施用有机肥增加了土壤有效态铜、锌和镉含量,其中施用猪粪土壤有效铜、锌和镉含量增加最为显著,分别比NPK处理增长了335.9%、320.8%、421.4%。长期施用猪粪明显地增加了糙米中镉含量,并超过国家卫生标准。长期施用畜禽粪便类的有机肥对农产品的安全应予以足够的关注。A long-term fertilization experiment,designed to have five application treatments of same rates of N,P,K,with or without incorporation of different organic fertilizers to the field,was carried out to determine the effects of these treatments on the concentrations of Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,and Cd in soil and brown rice.Results showed that soil total Cu,Zn and Cd concentrations in the treatments with incorporation of rice straws（NPKS）,2 folds rice straws（NPKS2）,Chinese milk vetch（NPKG） and pig manure（NPKM） were higher than those in the treatment with only application of N,P and K fertilizer（NPK）.Compared with the treatment NPK,soil total Cu,Zn and Cd in the treatment NPKM increased by 53.6%,23.6%,and 406.2%,respectively;however,no significant difference was observed from each other in total soil Fe and Mn concentrations.Likewise,long-term application of organic fertilizers increased available soil Cu,Zn and Cd in the treatments NPKS,NPKS2,NPKG and NPKM.Especially for the NPKM treatment,available soil Cu,Zn and Cd concentrations significantly increased by 335.9%, 320.8%,and 421.4%,respectively,compared with the treatment NPK.The Cd concentrations in brown rice in the treatments NPKS,NPKS2,NPKG and NPKM were higher than the upper limit（ 0.20 mg/kg） of the National Standard for Food Hygiene for Rice Cd concentration.In order to guarantee food safety,much attention should be paid to long-term application of organic fertilizer such as animal manure to the field.

关 键 词：长期施用有机肥 土壤 糙米 微量元素 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]