福建东山海域石珊瑚种类多样性及其空间分布  

Diversity and spatial distribution of Scleractinia corals in Dongshan Fujian

作　　者：李秀保[1] 练健生[1] 黄晖[1] 杨剑辉[1] 张成龙[1] 周国伟[1] 尤丰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋环境动力学重点实验室、中国科学院海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室,广东广州510301

出　　处：《台湾海峡》2010年第1期5-11,共7页Journal of Oceanography In Taiwan Strait

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40776085,40830850);国家908专项资助项目(908-01-ST08)

摘　　要：调查了福建东山珊瑚省级自然保护区内石珊瑚种类的多样性和群落的空间分布,共发现5种造礁石珊瑚,分别为标准蜂巢珊瑚(Favia speciosa)、锯齿刺星珊瑚(Cyphastrea serailia)、盾形陀螺珊瑚(Turbinaria peltata)、小星珊瑚(Leptastrea sp.)、角孔珊瑚(Goniopora sp.),和1种非造礁石珊瑚猩红筒星珊瑚(Tubastrea coccinea Lesson).结果表明:(1)东山石珊瑚优势种为标准蜂巢珊瑚、锯齿刺星珊瑚和盾形陀螺珊瑚,但是东山的造礁石珊瑚种类正在减少.(2)东山石珊瑚的空间分布呈现正态分布,受人类影响较小的中间区域珊瑚覆盖率最高,受人类活动影响大的两端区域没有或者只有极少量的珊瑚分布.(3)东山湾内理化环境退化明显,部分区域已经不太适合珊瑚生长,仅仅少数站位分布少量石珊瑚群落,而大部分站位已经不见石珊瑚的踪影.随着远离东山湾方向,珊瑚覆盖率显著增加,在头屿-赤屿区域珊瑚覆盖率达到最大,珊瑚生长状态较好,具有较高的保护价值.随着离澳角渔港码头距离越来越近,珊瑚的覆盖率则逐渐降低.针对东山珊瑚分布区域的环境现状,应该加强东山湾污水入海的控制,合理开展海水养殖,开发利用与环境保护并重,这才能保护处在东山湾外的珊瑚群落.Based on the data obtained from the survey in Dongshan coral reserve, the diversity and spatial distribution of Scleractinia corals are analyzed. They are 5 species of Scleractinia coral （ Favia speciosa, Cyphastrea serailia, Turbinaria peltata, Leptastrea sp. and Goniopora sp. ） and a non-Scleractinia coral （ Tubastrea coccinea）. The results shows that the dominant Scleractinia coral are Favia speciosa, Cyphastrea serailia and Turbinaria peltata and the total number of Scleractinia coral species is decreasing compared with the literature data. The spatial distribution of Dongshan corals is in a normal distribution, with higher coral cover in central part of the coral reserve and lower coral cover in severely impacted fringing reserve where only fewer Scleractinia coral distributes. The marine environment degenerates dramatically in Dongshan Bay and no more suitable for coral＇ s survival. In the distant water of Dongshan Bay, coral cover increase gradually and comes to the highest in Touyu-Chiyu areas, where Scleractinia coral grows very well with high values for protection. In contrast, coral cover decreased the Aojiao Fishing harbor. According to the environmental status of Dongsh discharge and marine fish culture activities were necessary for the protection gradually towards an coral reserve, limiting the sewage of the Dongshan corals.

关 键 词：海洋生物学 种类多样性 空间分布 造礁石珊瑚 东山湾 

分 类 号：Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]