形式主义批评发展脉络探究  

The Developmental Sequence of Formalist Criticism

作　　者：王欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]长春工业大学外国语学院

出　　处：《国外文学》2010年第1期21-27,共7页Foreign Literatures

基　　金：吉林省社会科学基金项目"当代西方英国浪漫主义诗歌批评研究"(项目编号:2009B261)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：20世纪的形式主义批评从俄国形式主义到新批评再到结构主义批评,聚焦于文学文本尤其是诗歌文本的语言结构形式:俄国形式主义主要是在传统语言学和布拉格学派的框架下研究具体诗歌语言的特点与功能;新批评同时受到传统语言学和现代语言学的影响,语义为其研究核心;而结构主义批评则直接受到了索绪尔现代语言学和乔姆斯基的影响,探讨的是宏观的诗歌语言结构系统和读者的"文学能力"。从俄国形式主义以诗歌语言形式为绝对的批评对象,发展到新批评包纳形式之外其他传统因素的批评理论,最后是结构主义的涵盖历史文化和读者范畴的阐释结构,体现了一种从表层到深层、从具体到系统、从极端到折衷的发展脉络。The formalist criticism in the 20th century, from Russian Formalism to New Criticism and then to Structuralist Criticism, focuses on the literary text, especially the linguistic structural form of the poetic text： Russian Formalism focuses on the features of language in poetry within the frame work of traditional linguistics and the Prague School; New Criticism is under the influence of both traditional linguistics and modern linguistics, with meaning being its focus; Structuralist Criticism is directly influenced by Saussure and Chomsky and researches into the macroscopical structural system of poetry and readers＇ ＂literary competence＂. Russian Formalism takes the linguistic form of poetry as the absolute target, and New Criticism covers other traditional elements besides the formal elements, and then finally Structuralism＇s elucidatory structure embraces the historical and cultural aspects and the readership aspect as well. Such a development embodies the tendency from the surface to the essence, from the idiographic to the system, and from the extreme to the eclectic.

关 键 词：形式主义批评 俄国形式主义 新批评 结构主义批评 发展脉络 

分 类 号：I06[文学—文学理论]