道路建设扰动下的生态效应分析及其消减对策  

Ecological Effects and Mitigation Measures Under the Disturbance of Road Construction

作　　者：田甜[1] 李绍才[1,2] 孙海龙[3] 龙凤[2] 陈敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [2]四川大学生命科学学院,四川成都610064 [3]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610064

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第1期199-204,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(200809086);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD39B04)

摘　　要：道路建设给人类带来社会、经济效益的同时,亦在一定程度重塑生态系统结构与功能,影响生态系统的健康。从道路建设诱发的不利生态效应入手,运用机理探讨的方法,对生态系统的"组成—结构—功能"这一梯级响应过程进行了较深入的分析。论述了道路建设扰动下生态系统结构在时空尺度上的变异性,如水文格局、植被群落演替、野生动物分布格局的改变,以及对生态系统物质循环、能量流动、信息传递等功能过程连续性的扰动作用。结合道路建设的"规划—设计—施工—运营—维护"等过程的干扰特性,从生态设计、生态恢复与生态补偿角度提出了消减道路建设生态影响的对策,以期促进道路建设的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益的协调统一。Road construction brings social and economical benefits, but meanwhile seriously destroys the structure and disturbs the functions of ecosystem. Thus it becomes a threat to ecosystem health. The ecological effects of road construction are analyzed in terms of the components, structure, and functions of ecosystem, which appears a cascade response process. The method used to analyze such ecological effects is mechanism discussing. The variability of ecosystem structure in space and time scales under the disturbance of road construction is discussed, such as the changes of hydrology pattern, vegetation succession, and wildlife dis- tributing structures. Road construction also disturbs the continuity of the process of ecosystem cycle, energy flow, and information transmission. Ecological measures to mitigate the ecological effects during the programming, constructing, and running period are raised, which involve ecological programming, ecological restoration, and ecological compensating. The ecological theories and methods are used to guide the construction of roads in order to find a way of harmony development among social, economic, and ecological benefits and eventually achieve sustainable development.

关 键 词：生态效应 道路建设 消减对策 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] U4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]