医疗损害责任立法若干问题思考  

Some Thoughts on the Legislation of Liability for Medical Damage

作　　者：刘鑫[1] 杨鑫鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学证据科学教育部重点实验室,北京100088

出　　处：《中国司法鉴定》2010年第2期41-44,共4页Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(06JA820044)

摘　　要：《侵权责任法·医疗损害责任》立法,是医疗损害赔偿案件法律适用由二元向一元转归的标志,但是在立法的基本理念和具体问题的处理上仍然存在很多缺陷。医疗损害赔偿是一种特殊的民事赔偿,不应完全照搬一般民事侵权赔偿,此次立法没有体现该理念,更没有体现医疗损害限额限项赔偿制度。立法中以过错责任为原则,过错推定为例外的归责原则,没有将医疗行为及我国医疗行业的特殊性体现出来,严重过错作为医疗损害责任构成的首要条件更为合理。而且免除医疗机构赔偿的情形规定得也不充分,医疗责任保险作为医疗损害赔偿的基础,在立法中也没有体现。The legislation of medical damage liability in Tort Liability Law is a symbol of trasforming legal application of medical damage compensation from dualization to unification. However, there are several defects in the basic idea of the legislation and in the treatment of practice specific issues. The compensation of medical damage is a special civil compensation, not similar to general civil compensation, and the legislation doesn＇t express the idea and the system of limiting the quantity and scope. The principle that the liability of fault is the principle and the presumption of fault is an exception doesn＇t reflect the particularity of the medical conduct and medical industry. Gross negligence should be the primary condition of liability for medical damages. Besides, the situations that exempt the medical institutions from compensation are not sufficient. Medical malpractice insurance, as the base of compensation of medical damage, isn＇t expressed in the legislation either.

关 键 词：医疗损害责任 立法缺陷 严重过错 医疗责任保险 

分 类 号：R01[医药卫生]