天津市1．5～3岁儿童孤独症行为特征分析  

Analysis of behavioral characteristics of children with autism aged 1.5～3 years old

作　　者：李爱月[1] 张欣[1] 吕丛超[1] 朱瑜[1] 李义民[2] 刘功姝[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津300070 [2]天津市妇女儿童保健中心,天津300042

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2010年第3期215-218,共4页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然基金(30771816);天津市科委自然基金(07JCYBJC10900)

摘　　要：目的:了解天津市1.5～3岁孤独症患者早期行为特征,为早期诊断和早期干预提供依据。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样,在天津市9个区县抽取1.5～3岁儿童8006名,采用儿童行为发育调查表进行筛查。用DSM-IV诊断标准和儿童孤独症评定量表(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,CARS)对筛出的432名可疑孤独症儿童进行诊断并评估症状程度,用儿童孤独症行为量表(Autism Behavior Checklist,ABC)分析其行为障碍特征。运用上述量表对21例已确诊的孤独症儿童、84名可疑阳性儿童、84名正常儿童的早期行为表现进行比较。结果:孤独症儿童和可疑性儿童在语言能力异常、无食指指灯、无假扮游戏行为、不会正常玩玩具、孩子与人无目光接触等9个项目检出率均高于正常儿童(如,无食指指灯,71.4%、54.8%vs.14.3%,P<0.05);孤独症儿童在对所指物品无注意、孩子与人无目光接触、语言能力异常、不能接受简单指令、不用语言表达需要5个项目检出率高于可疑阳性组(如,对所指物品无注意,38.1%vs.2.4%,P<0.05)。ABC量表评定结果表明重度孤独症儿童(CARS总分≥36分)在感觉和躯体功能上得分均高于轻中度孤独症儿童[(8.00±3.30)vs.(5.15±2.58),(12.00±6.12)vs.(6.15±3.26);均P<0.05]。结论:孤独症患儿在婴幼儿期即出现明显发育、行为障碍,应引起重视。Objective： To investigate the early behavioral characteristics of children with autism within the age of 1.5 to 3 years in order to provide basis for early diagnosis and intervention. Methods： Using mass random sam- pling, 8006 children aged 1.5 to 3 years in nine districts in Tianjin were screened with a self-made question- naire. Totally 432 children with suspected autism were diagnosed and rated according to the diagnosing criteria of DSM-IV and assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale （CARS）. Their behavioral characteristics were as- sessed with the Autism Behavior Checklist （ABC） and the early behaviors were compared between the children with autism and the normal children. Results： Children with autism in infants and suspicious positive group were different from normal children in 9 items such as＇Abnormal language skills＂, No index points the light＂, ＂No acts of posing as the game＂, ＂Could not normally play with toys, ＂and others（P 〈0. 05）. Children with autism in infants were dif- ferent from suspicious positive group in 5 items such as＂ Children have no eye contact with others＂. The items with positive rate higher than 95% were interpersonal communicate barriers, mimic the functional deficiencies, language communicate barriers, non-verbal communication barriers and mental deficiency in CARS. The results of ABC showed that severe autism had much higher scores than mild to moderate autism both in the sense （S） and body function （B） areas [ （8.00 ± 3.30） vs. （5. 15± 2. 58）, （12. 00± 6. 12） vs. （6. 15 ±3.26）; Ps 〈 0. 05]. Conclusion： The develop mental and behavioral symptoms can exist in early period of life of children with aUtism, to which high- ly attention should be paid.

关 键 词：孤独症 婴幼儿 行为特征 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]