苹果分根交替灌溉不同水量对树体生长和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of partial root-zone alternative irrigation with different water volume on growth and water use efficiency in apple trees

作　　者：刘松忠[1] 魏钦平[1] 王小伟[1] 张强[1] 刘军[1] 丁三姐[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《果树学报》2010年第2期163-167,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业(苹果)产业技术体系(MATS);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-024);国家科技支撑计划(2008BAD92B08-4)

摘　　要：以3 a生分根盆栽嘎拉苹果为试材,研究了不同根域交替灌溉不同水量对树体生长和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,灌水量调控了苹果新梢二次生长的发生、生长时间和速率,每一根域每次灌水量为500 mL时,仅4/4根域灌水处理的新梢出现二次生长;灌水量为750 mL时,2/4、3/4和4/4根域灌水处理的新梢均出现二次生长;灌水量为1 000 mL时,1/4、2/4、3/4和4/4处理的新梢均有二次生长,其二次生长随着灌水根域的增多而时间提早,生长速率加快。每一根域灌水量相同时,植株主干、枝条、叶片、根系和总生物量随灌水根域增多而提高,750 mL与1 000mL根域灌水处理差异不显著。植株的水分利用效率随灌水根域的增多而降低。从确保树体正常生长和提高树体水分利用效率综合分析,2/4根域每次灌水750 mL为最佳灌溉方案。Potted 3-year-old Gala apple trees with divided root zones were used to investigate effects of partial root zone irri-gation on growth and water use efficiency.Results indicated that time and rate of shoot second growth was regulated by irriga-tion rate.Only shoots of 4/4 root zone treatment showed the second growth at a irrigation rate of 500 mL,however,those could be observed from 2/4,3/4 and 4/4 root zone treatment when irrigated with 750 mL water.Shoots of all the root zone treatments of 1 000 mL irrigation rate acquired the second growth,and large quantity of irrigation rate resulted in earlier growth time and higher growth rate for the second growth of shoots.Dry mass of shoots,branches,leaves and roots enhanced with the increase of irrigation root zone,but no significant differences were observed between irrigation rate treatments of 750 mL and 1 000 mL,moreover,plant water use efficiency decreased with irrigation root zone increasing.In this study,irrigating 2/4 root zone with 750 mL water was the optimal measurement according to maintaining plant growth and increasing water use efficiency.

关 键 词：苹果 根域 交替灌溉 生长 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]