交流电机无传感器低速驱动技术分析  

Analysys of Low-speed Sensorless AC Motor Drive Technology

作　　者：王庆龙[1] 张兴[2] 张崇巍[2] 王敬生[1] 

机构地区：[1]合肥学院电子信息与电气工程系,安徽合肥230601 [2]合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,安徽合肥230009

出　　处：《电气传动》2010年第3期6-13,共8页Electric Drive

基　　金：安徽省教育厅项目(KJ2008B121);合肥学院项目(RC044)

摘　　要：无机械速度传感器的交流驱动控制技术具有成本低及可靠性高的特点。无速度传感器控制技术需要对电机内部状态变量如磁链和转子速度进行估计。通常,转子速度的估计只有通过定子电压和电流的检测获得。开环速度估计器的鲁棒性因电机参数变化较差,为了提高抵抗参数变化和信号噪音的鲁棒性,采用闭环观测器估计电机的状态变量以及对电机的参数进行在线辨识。然而,根据无传感器控制文献可知,电机在低速稳定运行时存在困难,解决的方法必须采用电机的寄生效应,即为电机提供附加的状态信息如转子齿谐波电压等。给出了近年来报道的改善交流电机低速估计性能的若干解决方案的要点及一些在无传感器条件下观测的结果并进行了分析,从而对进一步研究提出可能新颖的建议。The speed controlled AC drives without mechanical speed sensors have the attraction of low cost and high reliability. The sensorless control techniques require the estimation of internal state variables of the machine like the linkage fluxes and the rotor speed. Generally, the estimation of the rotor speed is achieved through only the measurement of voltages and currents. Robustness of the open loop speed estimators is poor due the parametric variation therefore, to improve the robustness against the parameters and signal noise, the researches employ closed loop observers for the estimation of the state variables as well as the on-line identifi- cation of the motor parameters. However, it is well know in the literature on sensorless control that operating the motor at low frequency is challenging and that the solution will have to exploit parasitic effects of the ma- chine, that furnish additional information on the state of the motor, like the rotor slot harmonic voltages. A digest of some solutions recently reported to improve the performance in low-speed estimation and some results about the observability of the AC motor in sensorless conditions were presented, and proposals, maybe novel ideas, for their future research were put forward.

关 键 词：交流电机 矢量控制 无传感器位置控制 无传感器速度控制 观测器 信号注入 

分 类 号：TP13[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]