水生态基准方法学概述及建立我国水生态基准的探讨  

Methodologies for Deriving Water Quality Criteria to Protect Aquatic Life(ALC)and Proposal for Development of ALC in China:A Review

作　　者：金小伟[1] 雷炳莉[1,2] 许宜平[1] 查金苗[1] 王子健[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]上海大学环境与化学工程学院环境污染与健康研究所,上海200444

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2009年第5期609-616,共8页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(No.200709034);国家自然科学基金(No.40703025);国家"863"计划资助项目(No.2007AA06A405)

摘　　要：水生态基准的研究和制定对于控制进入水环境污染物的种类和数量,保护水体生物多样性及整个水生态系统的结构和功能具有重要意义.论文对不同国家和地区现有的主要水生态基准推导方法进行了概述,并从基准保护目标、数据的收集与评估、基准的计算方法等几个方面对各国水质基准推导方法进行了比较.参照国外水质基准的推导过程及我国水生态系统的特征,探讨了合理可行的水生态基准保护目标、计算方法及推导流程,并对我国水生态基准的推导中可能存在的问题进行了讨论.Water quality criteria have been used over years as an important component of water resources management to protect diversity of hydrobios and integrity of aquatic ecosystems. Many existing methodologies for deriving water quality criteria to protect aquatic life （ALC）are discussed in this review, but the focus is on a few that are widely accepted and used, or constitute newer methodologies that incorporate and improve upon the best features of prior methodologies. Existing methodologies are evaluated against recent research and reports on protection goal, ecotoxicity data issues, and criterion calculation techniques. A proposed approach for developing ALC in China and possible problems are also discussed, considering modification of existing methodologies and specified taxonomic diversity in China.

关 键 词：水生态基准 评估因子法 物种敏感度分布曲线法 生态风险模型 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820