拉萨地区住院脑卒中患者的类型及其危险因素分析  

Spectrum of stroke and its risk factors among in-patients in Lhasa region

作　　者：次旦卓嘎[1] 司洋[1] 张勤[1] 吴波[1] 姚治平[1] 胡学军[1] 赵玉华[1] 周东[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院神经内科,成都610041

出　　处：《中华神经科杂志》2010年第3期196-198,共3页Chinese Journal of Neurology

摘　　要：目的了解拉萨地区住院脑卒中患者的类型及其危险因素的特征。方法回顾性研究2006年4月至2008年8月在西藏自治区人民医院住院的302例脑卒中患者（男179例，女123例）的临床资料。结果拉萨地区住院脑卒中患者的平均发病年龄为（53．5±10．4）岁；其中脑出血患者223例（73．8％），脑梗死43例（14．2％），蛛网膜下腔出血36例（12．0％），发病的性别构成差异有统计学意义（X^2=7．991，P=0．018）。患者从发病到就诊的平均时间为90．0h，脑梗死患者平均时间最长（181．0h）。脑出血和脑梗死常见的危险因素依次为高血压、饮酒、高原红细胞增多症、糖尿病、吸烟、心房纤颤。结论脑出血是拉萨地区住院脑卒中患者中主要的临床类型，患者从发病到就诊的时间较其他地区长，高血压、饮酒是当地常见的危险因素。普及脑卒中疾病常识和及时就诊的观念，提高当地群众对脑卒中的三级预防意识迫在眉睫。Objective To investigate the characteristics of the spectrum of stroke and its risk factors among the in-patients in the Lhasa region. Methods The clinical data of 302 in-patients with stroke （including 179 male, 123 female） in the People＇ s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, between Apr 2006 and Aug 2008, were retrospectively collected and analyzed respectively. Results The mean age of onset was （53.5 ±10.4） years old. Among 302 patients, there were 223 （73.8%） cases of cerebral hemorrhage, 43 （ 14. 2% ） cerebral infarction and 36 （ 12. 0% ） subaraehnoid hemorrhage. The average duration between the onset of stroke and the hospital visit was 90. 0 hours, with the longest for cerebral infarction （181.0 hours）. The common risk factors were hypertension, alcohol consumption, high altitude polycythemia, diabetes, smoking and atrial fibrillation, which were list ordinally according to their frequency. Conclusions Cerebral hemorrhage is the most common type of stroke among the in-patients in Lhasa. The duration between the onset of stroke and the visit to hospital is much longer than other regions. Hypertension and alcohol consumption are the major risk factors. It is urgently needed to raise the public awareness of stroke, and to popularize its timely diagnosis, treatment, and the tertiary prevention.

关 键 词：卒中 危险因素 脑出血 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]