上海城区和临安本底站PM_(2.5)的物化特征及来源解析  

Physicochemical characterization and source apportionment of PM_(2.5) collected in Shanghai urban atmosphere and at Lin’an background atmospheric monitoring station

作　　者：姚振坤[1] 冯满[1] 吕森林[1,2] 张锦平[3] 王青躍[4] 冯加良[2] 吴明红[1,2] 盛国英[2] 傅家谟[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学射线应用研究所,上海200444 [2]上海大学环境污染与健康研究所,上海200444 [3]上海市环境监测中心,上海200030 [4]日本埼玉大学研究生院

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2010年第3期289-295,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40675080;10775094;40973072);国家同步辐射重点实验室开放课题;上海市重点学科(S30109);上海浦江人才计划项目

摘　　要：2008年4月在上海城区(徐家汇)和浙江临安大气污染本底站2个地区同步采集PM2.5样品,利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM/EDS)和同步辐射相关技术对两地PM2.5的微观形貌、化学元素组成及来源,以及重金属元素Zn的价态进行了分析.结果表明,徐家汇、临安的PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为(131.6±65.2),(83.5±22.9)μg/m3.徐家汇地区PM2.5主要由烟尘、飞灰、矿物质等组成;临安地区PM2.5中主要为不规则形貌颗粒物.上海城区PM2.5中重金属元素的浓度明显高于临安地区样品.同步辐射X射线吸收近边结构谱的结果显示,两地PM2.5中的Zn元素都以ZnSO4为主要存在形式.富集因子法分析19种元素中,除K、Ca外,其他元素在PM2.5中富集程度上海均高于临安地区.The ambient PM2.5 particles were sampled synchronously at two sites,Xujiahui （a commercial center in Shanghai） and Lin’an background atmospheric monitoring station （in Zhejiang Province） in April 2008.The microscopic image of the particles were characterized by using of FESEM/EDS, while their chemical elements composition and the valence of zinc in the samples were investigated by using synchrotron radiation fluorescence technique. The average mass concentrations of PM2.5 in Xujiahui and Lin’an were （131.6±65.2）, （83.5±22.9）μg/m^3, respectively. The Xujiahui PM2.5 was primarily consisted by soots, flying ash and mineral particles, while the Lin’an PM2.5 was mainly composed by irregular shaped fine particles. Mass concentrations of the 19 elements （P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Pb） were almost higher in Xujiahui PM2.5 than in Lin’an PM2.5. The result of synchrotron radiation XANES indicated that the valence of zinc was mainly in the form of zinc sulfate at the both sites. Enrichment factor analysis demonstrated all the elements except K, Ca was more enriched in Shanghai PM2.5 than in Lin’an PM2.5.

关 键 词：PM2.5 元素价态 来源解析 同步辐射 上海市 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]