1876—1878年中国大范围持续干旱事件  

A Long Lasting and Extensive Drought Event over China During 1876-1878

作　　者：张德二[1] 梁有叶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2010年第2期106-112,共7页Climate Change Research

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目"极端天气气候事件的检测和可预测性关键技术研究"(2007BAC29B01)

摘　　要：研究1876—1878年中国持续3年的大范围严重干旱,这是发生在小冰期将结束、全球气候迅速变暖之前的寒冷气候背景下的重大气象灾害和极端气候事件。依据历史文献记载复原了干旱发生、发展的动态过程,统计逐年受旱县数,绘制了历年旱灾和伴生的饥荒、蝗灾、疫疾发生地域实况图。这次持续干旱范围广及13个省份,干旱的中心区域在山西、河南、陕西。旱区中心1877年连续无透雨时段超过200d,跨年度的连续无透雨时段最长达340d。其严重程度超过20世纪最严重的1928—1930年的干旱事件。该事件发生于太阳黑子第11活动周的下降时段和第12周的太阳黑子极小值年,又位于厄尔尼诺(El Nio)事件频繁期,对应于极强的El Nio事件。A long lasting and extensive drought event over China was studied, that occurred in 1876-1878 under the background of the cold climate at the end of the Little Ice Age before the global warming. The dynamic process of the occurrence and development of the drought event was recovered from the historical literal records of China in the period by counting the yearly number of drought-hit counties and by plotting the distributions of yearly drought and its associated famine, locust plague and pestilence. This persistent drought disaster spread over 13 provinces with the center covering Shanxi, Henan and Shaanxi provinces, where the continuous non-soaking rain period exceeded 340 days, among which over 200 days was in 1877. The severity of the drought disaster even exceeds that of the drought during 1928 1930 which is considered as the most disastrous event in the 20th century. Besides, it is found that the drought event occurred in 1876 1878 when the sunspots were at the descent phase of the 1 lth activity period and at the minimum of the 12th activity period; and the El Nino was in its high frequency and extremely active period （level S＋＋）.

关 键 词：极端气候事件 干旱 历史气候 气象灾害 1876—1878年 

分 类 号：P468[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]