《后汉书·党锢传》太学生“三万余人”质疑  

A Discussion on the Record of"More than Thirty Thousands of Taixue Students"in Houhanshu《后汉书》

作　　者：祝總斌 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系

出　　处：《中华文史论丛》2010年第1期313-320,共8页Journal of Chinese Literature and History

摘　　要：太学生“三万余人”之记载其所以可疑，是因为在当时种种落後的社会物质条件下，对这一庞大人数，太学是绝对无法容纳、管理和进行经学传授的。特别是太学经过考试每年至多百人得以出仕，“三万余人”之出仕，希望极其渺茫，The dubiousness of the record,'more than thirty thousands Taixue students',lies in the incapability of Taixue in the underdeveloped material conditions at that time to accommodate and administrate such amount of students and to teach them studies of Classics.Especially there were at most hundreds of students who could eventually become officials of the empire each year.It was implausible for the empire to recruit thirty-thousand students to join the government.Under the system of encouraging students to be into the government,limitation of the number of Taixue students should have been imposed in advance.The thesis holds the view that the number of Taixue students in the reign of Emperor Huan was three thousands,the same as that in the Western Han.In the Preface ofRulin Zhuan《儒林传序》,'至三万余生'(up to thirty thousands of students) should be comprehended as'前后至三万余生',meaning the sum of Taixue students from the early Eastern Han to the Emperor Huan.'三万余人'(thirty thousand students) in Danggu Zhuan《党锢传》,might be modified according to the Prelude by later editors who misunderstood the original texts.

关 键 词：太学生 射策 劝以官禄 三千学徒 

分 类 号：K234.2[历史地理—历史学]