泥曲河道内最小生态需水研究  

STUDY ON THE MINIMUM ECOLOGICAL WATER REQUIREMENT OF NIQU RIVER

作　　者：郑超磊[1,2] 刘苏峡[1] 舒畅[1,2] 张守红[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2010年第3期329-334,共6页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40671032;40671033);国家"863"项目(2006AA10Z228);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421307)

摘　　要：生态需水研究是水资源开发和可持续利用中不可缺少的部分,目前计算河流生态需水的方法极多。从保护生物多样性的角度出发,结合河道断面和河道内生物信息,建立生物栖息地指标与流量之间的关系。生物栖息地指标包括:平均流速、水面宽、平均水深、湿周、过水断面面积、水力半径以及加权可利用栖息地面积(WUA)等,综合这些栖息地指标与流量的关系确定南水北调西线工程调水区泥曲河道内最小生态需水,为南水北调西线一期工程可调水量提供参考。结果表明,利用流速、水深、过水断面面积和水力半径确定河道最小生态需水小于多年平均流量的10%,利用水面宽、湿周、WUA等计算的结果分别是多年平均流量的56%、48%和32%。最终确定泥曲泥柯站河道内最小生态需水为19.3 m3/s,朱巴站最小生态需水为29.8 m3/s,位于Tennant法计算结果的"较好范围"生态需水等级,可以对河流栖息地提供比较好的保护。Ecological water requirement research is one of the most important parts of the sustainable use and development of water resources.There are numerous methods to calculate ecological water requirement.Based on the goal of protecting bio-diversity,this paper combined the cross-section data of Niqu River and biological data,and then established the relationship between habitat index and flow.Based on the habitat index,including average water depth,water width,wetted perimeter,wetted area,hydraulic radius and weighted usable area（WUA）,the instream ecological water requirement of Niqu River which is in the water supply region of the West Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfers Scheme（WRPSNWT） was calculated.The estimation of instream ecological water requirement could be a reference to decide how much water can be transferred in WRPSNWT.The result shows that the ecological water requirement is less than 10% of annual discharge when using the flow velocity,water depth,wetted area and hydraulic radius as habitat index.The ecological water requirement is 56%,48%,32% respectively when using water width,wetted perimeter,WUA as habitat index.At last,the minimum ecological water requirement of Niqu river is 19.3 m3/s and 29.8 m3/s at Nike and Zhuba station respectively,which is in the good scope of the result of Tennant method.So it can protect the fish habitat efficiently.

关 键 词：生态需水 栖息地指标 加权可利用栖息地面积(WUA) 泥曲河 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]