阈上和阈下不同情绪线索对返回抑制的影响  

Effects of Supra- and Sub-liminal Emotional Cues on Inhibition of Return

作　　者：邓晓红[1,2] 张德玄[3] 黄诗雪[1] 袁雯[1] 周晓林[4] 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学教育学院心理学系,武汉430062 [2]华中师范大学人的发展与心理健康湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079 [3]杭州师范大学教育科学学院心理学系,杭州310036 [4]北京大学心理学系,北京100871

出　　处：《心理学报》2010年第3期325-333,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30970893);华中师范大学人的发展与心理健康湖北省重点实验室开放课题项目(200901);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(Q200710005);湖北省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(2009y003)

摘　　要：为检验返回抑制是否受线索生物学意义的调节,分别在实验一和实验二中以阈上和阈下不同情绪效价(高兴、生气和中性)的面孔为外源性线索,变化同时提示位置的多寡,要求被试对靶子尽可能快而准地作探测反应。实验一发现,三种线索情况下均出现返回抑制且效应量无显著差异;实验二发现,线索为中性面孔时出现返回抑制,线索为高兴和生气面孔时未出现返回抑制。说明返回抑制受线索生物学意义的调节。阈下线索的生物学意义(情绪效价)能得到自动加工,从而影响空间注意的转移和返回抑制机制的功用;阈上线索的情绪效价被清晰感知时,自上而下的注意控制机制使线索的生物学意义被忽略,从而阻碍情绪效价功能的发挥。In the classical exogenous cue-target paradigm, when a target is presented in the same location as a cue within a stimulus onset asynchrony （SOA） of 250 ms or less, target detection is facilitated. However, when the SOA is extended to more than 250 ms, target detection is slowed at the cued location. This phenomenon is called inhibition of return （IOR）. IOR is generally assumed to be an adaptive mechanism which enhances the chance of success or survival by maximizing the chance of detecting important information in visual search during human evolution. If so, the time course and/or magnitude of IOR may be affected by biological information of the cue. If a cue provides information relevant to individual’s survival, then attention may not be inhibited from reorienting to the cue. However, previous evidence concerning this issue is controversial. This study is to further examine whether IOR is modulated by emotional valences of face, which convey important biological and social information. We hypothesized that emotional information conveyed through supraliminally presented face cues may not differentially affect the IOR effect, because this information could be suppressed by the top-down control settings demanding no interference from emotion, whereas emotional information conveyed through subliminally presented face cues may affect pattern of the IOR effect, because this information is processed automatically and it escapes from top-down suppression. A total of 32 undergraduate students participated in Experiments 1 and 2, which manipulated the number of simultaneously cued locations. Faces with different emotional valences （happy, angry and neutral） were as uninformative peripheral cues, supraliminally in Experiment 1 and subliminally in Experiment 2, while the participants were instructed to make detection responses to the target, which was presented at one of the cued locations or at an uncued location, as quickly and accurately as possible. Experiment 1 obtained an overall IOR effect but the mag

关 键 词：阈上情绪线索 阈下情绪线索 情绪效价 返回抑制 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]