莱州湾表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价  

Distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface sediment in Laizhou Bay

作　　者：罗先香[1] 张蕊[1,2] 杨建强[3,2] 刘汝海[1] 唐伟[3,2] 闫琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室//中国海洋大学,山东青岛266100 [2]国家海洋局海洋溢油鉴别与损害评估技术重点实验室,山东青岛266033 [3]国家海洋局北海环境监测中心,山东青岛266033

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2010年第2期262-269,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：海洋公益性重点资助项目(20080508006);国家自然科学基金项目(40806045);山东省科技发展计划资助项目(2007GG10005013)

摘　　要：莱州湾属半封闭海湾,水体交换能力较弱,受多条河流入海影响,污染日趋加重。根据区域特征,于2008年5月对莱州湾30个采样点表层沉积物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As、粒度和总有机碳进行测定,探讨了重金属含量和污染特征与粒度、总有机碳间的相关关系,利用污染评价法和潜在生态风险评价法进行污染和风险分析。结果表明:重金属平均含量较低,大部分低于国家海洋沉积物一类标准。Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和As在莱州湾中部区域出现高值区,同时Cd在小清河口、Hg在莱州湾东部出现高值区。Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As重金属之间(除了Cd和As之间)及与沉积物粘土、有机碳含量之间显著正相关。莱州湾表层沉积物重金属单因子污染程度总体较轻,属于低污染水平,污染程度排序为Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>As>Hg,约30%的站位重金属综合污染指数大于5,达到中等污染水平,主要分布于小清河口、莱州湾中部和东部区域。莱州湾表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险总体处于较低水平,风险排序为Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Zn,风险指数高值区出现在莱州湾东部区域,主要受Hg的高风险水平影响。Laizhou Bay is a semi-enclosed bay of weak water exchange capacity,and the impact of the pollution is increasingly heavier for the rivers into the sea,therefore,understanding and discussing the degree and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in Laizhou Bay is very significant.According to the characteristics of Laizhou Bay,the contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As,clay and organic carbon in the 30 surface sediments samples in Laizhou Bay were measured,in May of 2008.Firstly,the content and distributed characteristics of these heavy metals,and the relevance with different particle size and organic carbon were discussed,and methods of pollution assessment and the potential ecological risk assessment were used.The result indicated that the average contents of heavy metals were low,and most of them were lower than the first class of GB 18668-2002.Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and As appeared high-value in the central region.Cd and Hg presented high-value in the Xiaoqiang Estuary and eastern region respectively.Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and As showed the positive correlation between each other （except Cd and As） as well as clay and organic carbon.The single-factor of heavy metals in surface sediment indicated a lower pollution degree,and the order of polluted degree was CdPbZn CuAsHg.Approximately the contaminated index of 30% sites were more than 5,which reached the moderate level and mainly distributed in the Xiaoqing Estuary,the central and eastern region.A low level condition in Laizhou Bay was showed,and the order of potential ecological risk was HgCdAsPbCuZn.The eastern part had high-value,mainly due to Hg.

关 键 词：莱州湾 表层沉积物 重金属 分布特征 潜在生态风险价 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X508