湖北大畈核电站周边飑线时空分布与灾害特征  

Research on Disasters and Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Squal Lines Around Dafan Nuclear Power Plant in Tongshan,Hubei

作　　者：陈正洪[1,2] 刘来林[2] 袁业畅[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局武汉暴雨研究所,武汉430074 [2]武汉区域气候中心,武汉430074

出　　处：《气象》2010年第1期79-84,共6页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：湖北省发展和改革委员会核电项目办资助

摘　　要：湖北通山大畈核电站是我国政府批准兴建的第一个内陆地区核电站,为了保障核电站的绝对安全性,在选址和设计阶段对飑线出现的一些基本气候特征和设计参数进行科学评估尤其重要。通过气象站记录、灾害大典、气候影响评价等多条途径,收集了湖北通山核电站周边80 km×80 km区域1956—2000年间的飑线资料,并据此对其时空分布和灾害特征进行了分析,同时与龙卷风对应特征进行了比较。结果表明:(1)飑线发生频次的年代、季(月)、一日内差异明显,且主要集中在对流强盛的时期(段),这些特征与龙卷风基本一致;飑线平均持续时间为95 min,远比龙卷风的17 min长。(2)飑线局地性很强,其中站址东北部和南部50 km以外的地区最多,而站址中心区的通山及邻近的崇阳没有出现,这种特征与地理位置、地形以及系统移动路径有关。(3)飑线的移动方向以自西向东为主,即主要集中在NNW—SSW等7个方位,尤其是WNW、W、WSW等3个方位最多。(4)除风灾外,飑线出现时常伴有强烈的雷电、暴雨和冰雹天气,使灾害加重。(5)与龙卷风相比,飑线风力略小,所以设计风速取12级应当比较恰当。Dafan Nuclear Power Plant in Tongshan,Hubei is the first one situated at the mainland permitted by the national government in China.In order to absolutely ensure the safety of that plant,the evaluation of the basic climatic properties（including the properties of disasters） and designed parameters of the squall lines is very important in the preceding period.Based on the primary data collected from the area of 80 km×80 km around the nuclear power plant in Tongshan,Hubei from 1956 to 2000 through many ways such as the record in meteorological stations,the collection of disaster events,and the report of climate impact assessment,the characteristics of temporal and spatial distributions and disasters of the squall line events are analyzed and compared with that of tornado events.It is revealed：（1） There is apparent temporal （daily,monthly,seasonal,decadal） distribution for the squall line events that are mainly concentrated in summer and spring especially in July,August and April,from mid-day to early evening especially at afternoon, in the 1980s,all these are similar to that of tornado events,but the average lasting time for all squall line events is about 95 min that is longer than the average lasting time（17 min） for all tornadoes. （2） There are very apparant local properties for all squall line events,such as Huangshi at northeastern part of the plant and Xiushui at southern part of the plant with the most frequent events,and Tongshan and Chongyang at the central part of the plant with no events at all in the recent 31 years,which are determined by the local position,topography and the moving paths of synoptic systems.（3） The moving direction is mainly concentrated from NNW to SSW,especially from WNW to WSW.（4） Apart from storms when squall line events occur,there are strong lightning and heavy rain together that will make the disasters more serious.（5） Compared with tornados,there are a little bit smaller wind speeds for squall line events, thus a wind scale of 12 is closed as

关 键 词：核电站 飑线 时空分布 灾害 龙卷风 

分 类 号：P[天文地球]