制药废水厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能与毒性机理的研究  

Nitrogen removal performance of anammox process and toxic mechanism of pharmaceutical wastewater

作　　者：陈婷婷[1] 唐崇俭[1] 郑平[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境工程系,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2010年第4期504-509,共6页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30770039);国家"863"项目(2006AA06Z332);浙江省基金项目(Y507227)

摘　　要：采用上流式厌氧氨氧化污泥床反应器考察了制药废水的生物脱氮性能,并采用发光细菌急性毒性试验研究了制药废水、厌氧氨氧化处理进出水的生物毒性,以及制药废水对厌氧氨氧化污泥的蓄积毒性.结果表明,当制药废水稀释30倍以上时,毒性物质浓度低于毒性抑制浓度阈值,厌氧氨氧化反应器运行性能良好,平均氨氮和亚硝氮去除率分别达87.8%和95.6%,平均总氮容积负荷可达10.38kg/(m3?d);但当进水稀释小于20倍时,毒性物质浓度高于毒性抑制浓度阈值,反应器运行性能恶化,平均氨氮和亚硝氮去除率降至24.6%和26.0%,直到完全消失.制药废水、厌氧氨氧化反应器进出水均具有较强的生物毒性,在相对发光度为50%时,所对应的制药废水、反应器进水、出水的稀释倍数分别为70.5,5.19,7.77倍.经厌氧氨氧化处理后,出水毒性增强,说明制药废水毒性物质可在厌氧氨氧化污泥中蓄积,具有蓄积毒性.In order to develop effective process to remove nitrogen from pharmaceutical wastewater,the performance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation （anammox） for nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical wastewater was investigated using upflow anaerobic sludge bed （UASB） reactor. The acute toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater,the influent and effluent of anammox UASB reactor as well as the cumulative toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater to anammox sludge were also studied. The reactor operation results indicated that when the pharmaceutical wastewater was diluted more than 30 times,the toxicant concentration below the threshold and the operation performance of anammox reactor was very good,the average removal rate of ammonia and nitrite reached 87.8% and 95.6% respectively,the average volumetric total nitrogen loading rate was up to 10.38 kg/（m3？d）. However,when the pharmaceutical wastewater was diluted less than 20 times,the toxicant concentration higher than the threshold and the operation performance of anammox reactor deteriorated,the average removal rate of ammonia and nitrite reduced to 24.6% and 26.0%,and then completely disappeared. The acute toxicity by photobacteria tests showed that the pharmaceutical wastewater,the influent and effluent of anammox process all had intense biotoxicity. When the relative luminosity was 50%,the dilution factors of the three samples were 70.5,5.19,7.77 respectively. After anammox treatment,the toxicity of effluent enhanced. The cumulative toxicity by photobacteria tests suggested that the toxicants in pharmaceutical wastewater could cumulate in anammox sludge,leading to higher toxicity in the test Anammox sludge than that in the seed sludge.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 制药废水 毒性机理 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]