中国苦荞麦原生境保存可行性的民族植物学调查  

ETHNOBOTANICAL INVESTIGATION OF IN SITU CONSERVATION OF TARTARY BUCKWHEAT IN CHINA

作　　者：赵佐成[1,2,3,4] 周明德[1,2,3,4] 罗定泽[1,2,3,4] 李发良 曹吉祥 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所 [2]国际植物遗传资源研究所 [3]四川师范大学生命科学系 [4]四川省凉山彝族自治州昭觉农业科学研究所

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》1998年第4期320-326,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国际植物遗传资源研究所和中国科学院成都地奥科学基金共同资助

摘　　要：报导了在我国凉山彝族自治州进行苦荞麦原生境保存可行性的民族植物学调查结果．调查涉及该州９个县的农业主管部门、部分农业技术人员、一些加工单位、１０个农贸市场和２８家苦荞麦种植农户．采集植物标本１００余号．结果表明：①苦荞麦是该地区重要的粮食作物，常年播种面积为４．６×１０４ｋｍ２，总产量为１×１０５ｔ．农户品种隶属鞑靼苦荞（Ｆａｇｏｐｙｔｕｍｔａｔａｒｉｃｕｍ）和有翅苦荞（Ｆ．ｔａｔａｒｉｃｕｍｖａｒ．ａｌａｔａ）．因为播种期不同，凉山彝族自治州的苦荞麦分为春苦荞麦和秋苦荞麦．春苦荞麦作为当年秋苦荞麦的种子播种，秋苦荞麦作为次年春苦荞麦的种子播种，存放３～４年的苦荞麦种子不再作为种子使用．②播种的种子多用草木灰拌种，或者草木灰、过磷酸钙拌种，有的用过磷酸钙、尿素、草木灰拌种．苦荞麦种子经过肥料拌和后称为“包衣种”，采用这种种子播种能提高苦荞麦的产量．施追肥在苦荞麦抽穗出“天花”时进行．追肥多用尿素，有的施草木灰，有的施普通过磷酸钙．③农户采用电磨粉机或水磨对苦荞麦进行磨粉加工．民间将磨的第一道苦荞粉称为“头道粉”，其出粉率约３０％，供人吃．将磨过头道粉的苦荞麦再次磨的粉称为“二道粉”，供人吃或喂猪．西昌和昭觉?This paper deals with the ethnobatanical investigation of the feasibility of tartary buckwheat in situ conservation in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan,China. The investigation was conducted in 9 counties, including 28 households and 10 village fairs, and was provided with about 100 collccted specimens. Liangshan is one of the oringin places of tartary buckwheat, which is the major crop in this region. The annual planting area is 4.6×10 4 km 2 and the total yield of the crop is about 1×10 5 t each year. The varieties planted by farmers in the region belong to Fagopyrum tartaricum and F.tartaricum var. alata . According to the sowing seasons, tartary buckwheat is divided into two categories, namely, spring tartary buckwheat and autumn tartary buckwheat. The spring tartary buckwheat is sowed as the seeds for autumn tartary buckwheat and the autumn tartary buckwheat is sowed as the seeds for srping tartary buckwheat next year. If tartary buckwheat seeds are stored for 3 4 years, they will not be used as seeds any more. The seeds of tartary buckwheat are usually mixed with plant ash, or with ash and calcium superphosphate, or with carbarmide, urea and ash before being sowed. The tartary buckwheat seeds coated with fertilizers are called “dressed seed'. Topdressing is applieded while tartary buckwheat is at “Tianhua' period that is called by local people for the heading stage. Urea is commonly used for topdressing, and sometimes plant ash or calcium superphosphate is also applied. Farmers use eletrical grinding machine or water mill to grind tartary buckwheat into flour. Local people call the flour processed once as “first processed flour' which has a grinding rate of 30% and is the staple food for local people. The first processed flour is regringded and called “second processed flour' with a poor quality. It is used as food for people and also feed for pigs. In Xichang city and in Zhaojue county, tartary buckwheat flour factories use tartary buckwheat as raw material to produce

关 键 词：苦荞麦 原生境保存 民族植物学 

分 类 号：S517[农业科学—作物学]