科学知识社会学的自然主义路径  

A Path of Naturalism of Sociology in Scientific Knowledge

作　　者：阎莉[1] 李立[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,江苏南京210093 [2]南京农业大学人文学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《教育理论与实践（中小学教育教学版）》2010年第3期12-14,共3页Theory and Practice of Education

基　　金：中国博士后基金资助项目(项目编号:20070421001);江苏省博士后科研资助计划项目(项目编号:0702027C)的研究成果

摘　　要：20世纪70年代兴起的科学知识社会学解构了传统科学哲学将科学知识视为真理、实在等哲学观念而独霸对知识解说权的地位,同时建构了一种能够对科学知识进行社会学说明的恰当模式。与哲学家关注人们"应当"怎样进行科学研究不同,社会学家思考的是人们"实际上如何"进行科学研究。关注点的不同,致使科学知识社会学选择了自然主义作为其方法论的基础。自然主义诉求的实现需要借助具体方法的运用,体现在科学知识社会学家对自然主义的诉求并不是孤立的,而是将经验主义方法、描述主义方法与之缠结在一起,共同寻求探索科学的目标。In the 1970s there emerged the scientific-knowledge sociology that has deconstructed the traditional scientific philosophy,regarded scientific knowledge as philosophy ideas such as the truth and the actuality and dominated the status to explain the knowledge, and simultaneously constructed an appropriate pattern to carry out the sociological explanation of scientific knowledge. Being different from how the scientific research＂should＇be conducted with attention by a philosopher,what the sociologists ponder is＂how actually＇people conduct the scientific research. Due to the difference of attention,the scientific-knowledge sociology chose the naturalism as the foundation of its methodology. The realization of naturalism appeal needs to draw support from the utilization of concrete method, and the manifestation that the scientific-knowledge sociologists appeal for naturalism is not isolated, but associates itself with empiricism method and descriptivist method to seek together the goal of the exploration of science.

关 键 词：科学知识社会学 自然主义 方法论 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]