现代汉语中的“由”字被动句  

A passive construction marked by "yóu" in mandarin Chinese

作　　者：熊仲儒[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学文学院,241000

出　　处：《现代外语》2010年第1期12-22,共11页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科项目“英汉论元结构的对比研究”(项目编号:08BYY002)的资助

摘　　要："由"字被动句是以"由"为被动语素的被动句,"由"扩展论元结构完整的v*P。v*可以核查动词宾语的格特征,使宾语留在原位而不违反"格过滤式"。v*P有完整的论元结构,可成为接应代词的管辖范畴,使接应代词受"由"的主语约束而不违反约束原则。v*P中被指派[被动]特征的成分可跟有[被动]特征的"由"协约操作,并为核查"由"的EPP特征而移位,所以内部论元甚至附加语都可以成为"由"的主语。"由"为功能范畴,可解释相关的句法行为,如"由"后成分的并列测试,所谓"由"字短语的不能移位以及时体助词、否定词与情态范畴的分布等。In the passive construction marked by 'yóu', 'yóu' is a passive morpheme extending a v *P with a full argument structure. The light verb v* can check the Case feature of the object of V, so that the object can be in situ without the violation of Case Filter. The v*P with a full argument structure can be a governing category of the resumptive pronoun, so the pronoun’s binding by the subject of 'yóu' will not violate the binding principle. The element with a [passive] feature agrees with 'yóu' and moves to the spec of 'yóu' to check its EPP feature, so internal arguments and even adjunctions can be acted as a subject of 'yóu'. Many syntactic behaviors can be explained by the functional status of 'yóu', such as the coordination test of the strings after 'yóu', the so-called 'yóu' phrase’s not moving and the distributions of aspectual particles, negative and modal words.

关 键 词：“由”字句 被动句 协约 格过滤式 约束理论 

分 类 号：H314.3[语言文字—英语]