河口生态需水研究进展  

Advances in the assessment of ecological water requirements in estuaries

作　　者：孙涛[1] 徐静[1] 刘方方[1] 赵芮[1] 杨志峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《水科学进展》2010年第2期282-288,共7页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2006CB403303);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50709003);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20070027030)~~

摘　　要：针对陆海交互作用下河口生态需水影响因素多且时空差异性显著的特点,在系统分析淡水输入对河口生态系统水环境过程和生物过程影响的基础上,按生态需水目标的差异,将河口生态需水分析方法划分为基于典型生物资源保护目标、基于生境保护目标以及基于多目标整合分析3种类型。从生态需水目标筛选、生态需水目标对淡水输入响应关系以及生态需水计算方法实用性方面探讨了河口生态需水研究中面临的主要问题。结论认为生态系统健康综合表征指标的确定应成为分析河口生态需水的关键科学基础,筛选控制性生态要素构建河口关键生态水文过程模型可成为有效提高生态需水计算方法实用性的主要技术手段。Effects of freshwater inflow on water environment and biological processes in the estuarine ecosystem are analyzed by considering the great diversity of influencing factors with a significant temporal and spatial variability under the interaction between river and ocean.The methods for quantifying environmental flows are divided into three types based on different ecological objectives,which include biological resources objectives,habitat objectives,and integrated multi-objectives.Research progresses are reviewed for different types of methods in this study.The main challenges are discussed according to the objective optimizing,the relationship between objectives and freshwater inflow,and the limited availability of different methods for the environmental flow assessment in estuaries.The results indicate that identifying an index of the ecosystem health could serve as a scientific foundation for determining environmental flows.Ecohydrological modeling based on the key elements of the estuary ecosystem could be an effective approach in determining environmental flows in estuaries.

关 键 词：淡水输入 河口生态系统 生态需水 生态目标 生态水文学 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] G353.11[文化科学—情报学]