哈萨克斯坦民族政策的变迁与思考  

On the Change and Consideration on Kazakhstan's Ethnic Policies

作　　者：张友国[1] 何俊武[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学政法学院,北京100089 [2]淮海工学院法学院,江苏连云港222005

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2010年第2期27-32,共6页Journal of Beijing administration institute

摘　　要：哈萨克斯坦是一个典型的多民族国家。作为原苏联的加盟共和国,其独立前的民族政策属于原苏联民族政策的一部分。而原苏联民族政策的焦点主要是民族自决、国家结构形式与俄罗斯化问题。哈萨克斯坦独立后,吸取原苏联民族政策的一些经验教训,同时为了维护国家统一与社会稳定,积极推行强化哈萨克族主体性的政策,倡导文化多元化、努力淡化民族意识。哈萨克斯坦的民族政策总体来说取得了一定的成效,较好地维护了哈萨克斯坦稳定、和谐与发展。其民族政策中的强化哈萨克语政策、强化主体民族历史传统的政策、国家统一前提下的民族文化自治政策、强化公民意识的政策、塑造统一哈萨克斯坦文化的政策等值得深思。As a member of republics in Ex-Soviet Union, Kazakhstan is a typical multi--ethnical state. Its ethnic policies are a part of Ex-Soviet Union＇s before it became independent. Ex-Soviet Union＇s ethnic policies can boil down to self -determination of peoples, the state structure form and Russianization. After its independence, Kazakhstan drew lessons from Ex-Soviet Union＇s ethnic policies, at the same time; it carried out actively the policy of strengthening Kazakh, advocated the cultural pluralism and decreased the ethnic for safeguarding national unity and social stability. Generally speaking, Kazakhstan＇s ethnic policies were successful and they maintained fairly well the stability, harmony and development of Kazakhstan. Therefore, some of Kazakhstan＇s ethnic policies deserve our serious consideration, such as, the policy of strengthening Kazakh; the policy of strengthening the history of main body nationality; the policy of cultural autonomy of minority nationalities under the premise of national unity; the policy of intensifying civic consciousness and the policy of remodeling unified Kazakhstan culture.

关 键 词：哈萨克斯坦 民族政策 思考 

分 类 号：D736.162[政治法律—政治学]