金华江流域生态服务补偿支付意愿及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of the People’s Willingness to Pay for Environmental Services Compensation and Its Influence Factors in the Jinhua River Basin

作　　者：郑海霞[1] 张陆彪[2] 涂勤[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学,北京100101 [2]中国农业科学院国际合作局,北京100081 [3]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第4期761-767,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目:"密云水库流域环境服务价值评估和生态补偿机制研究"(编号:70703001);北京市哲学社会科学规划项目:"北京市对周边水源区的生态补偿机制与协调对策研究"(编号:07BaJG176);北京市教委人文社科规划项目:"基于公共治理的北京市水源区生态补偿机制研究";北京市教委人才强教--引进人才项目:"密云;官厅水库流域共建共享机制与行动试点研究"

摘　　要：流域环境服务的提供者和与同一环境服务的使用者或受益者在空间上的分离,以及生态补差机制的缺位使生态系统管理者没有通过经济激励去改善环境管理,从而导致环境服务供给不足,服务质量低下。本文利用条件价值法(Contingent Valuation Method,CVM)评估金华江流域居民环境服务的支付意愿,并利用Ordered Probit模型和Binary Probit模型分别分析了最大支付意愿及其支付方式的影响因素。结果显示:金华江流域的居民中有78.4%的居民家庭具有支付愿意,平均最大支付意愿E(WTP)为24.87元(/户·月),年平均最大支付意愿为298.46元(/户·年)。最大支付意愿与受教育程度、收入水平呈显著的正相关关系,环境相对经济的重要性对最大支付意愿没有显著的影响,了解生态保护概念的受访者平均最大支付意愿并不高于那些不了解的人,这反映了人们对环境保护的认识与行为偏差和"搭便车"侥幸心理。受教育程度与环境相对经济的重要性越高,则选择交生态补偿税的概率也越高;性别、年龄、是否经历过污染灾害与最大支付意愿对人们支付意愿补偿方式的选择都没有显著的影响。实施生态补偿政策,必须促进上下游农户和居民、相关企业和地方政府等利益相关者直接参与到流域管理和决策中,实现流域环境共建和利益共享,在此基础上构建流域生态补偿体系。Natural environment provides a wide variety of goods and services to humankind. It is noted that many of these goods and services are provided indirectly;there is no direct link between the service providers and the users of the services. This is usually due to the spatial separation between the environmental service providers and the users of the services. As a result, ecosystem managers show little economic incentive to improve environmental management, thereby resulting in a degrading environment over many places and inadequate environmental services for users. As such, establishing a mechnism regarding ecological compensation plays a prominent role in improving environmental services and reducing poverty as well. Survey of the Willingness To Pay （WTP） and analysis of its influencing factors are of great help to the establishement of ecological compensation mechnism. In the present work, the Contingent Valuation Method （CVM） was adopted to evaluate the WTP of residents along the Jinhua River basin for environmental services and the Ordered Probit Model Binary Probit Model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the maximum WTP and the payment mode. Household interviews were conducted over the lower streams to obtain public recognition, WTP and payment modes for watershed services. The payment cards were utilized for the CVM survey. Design of the questionnaires basically accounted for the following five aspects： 1） understanding and recognition on the issues of watershed protection and payment; 2） the relative importance of environment and economy; 3） public support to watershed protection and WTP for watershed services; 4） public participation in watershed protection, and 5） personal and household socio-economic information. Results indicated that among those residents, 78.4% showed the WTP, with an average maximum WTP of RMB 24.87 per household/month and RMB 298.46 per household/year. It was found that the maximum WTP has a positive correlation with education levels and incomes. Rel

关 键 词：生态服务补偿 支付意愿 影响因子 金华江流域 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]